Effects of Advertising Essay

Advertising may have some good points, as we know, but advertising is really just a necessary evil. Advertising has its own fair share of negative effects. While some are obvious to those with a more scrutinizing eye, most of advertising’s potentially harmful facets go undetected. How do you think advertisements have affected consumers or What are the negative effect of advertising? Advertising is a form of communication intended to persuade its viewers, readers or listeners to take some action. Why should an ad be negative The main functionality of an ad is to convey the reason for existence of a brand / product and entice customers to buy. The visuals are a form of expressing the communication and making it is human as possible. How its shown or televised, printed is a subjective matter. Ideally we should be asking whether the communication is correct or not. Is it misleading the consumer Is it showcasing something and you are landed with something else Negative effects of ad would be when the communication is wrong, which seldom happens. Its really only in cases of Insurance ads, funds or generally speaking finance vertical ads. Keeping these hazards in mind even these corporates have started issuing a disclaimer immediately after the ads. Cold drink companies are using aero stunts for their ads and also staking claim that the stunts are performed by qualified experts and hence not to be done by normal unqualified people!! Ads will not really be negative, unless there may in some cases like the Red Bull ad where the content is quite derogatory where the man drinks Red Bull flies and opens his fly on top of the bird because the bird shat on him†¦ thats going too far with the tag for Red Bull. So I do not really find any negative effect of advertising per se!! Today advertising plays a dominant role for each and every product. Sometimes it becomes nuisance for the viewers, especially when watching the favourite programes in TVs and during this time the ad will not be of much effective as they will be nelected by the viewers by switching over to another channel for watching some other show. The basic objective of all ad campaign in TV channels is to reach the public immediately. Here the question is up to what extent the ads are effective and are sucessful.. we can’t say 100%. o the advertisers should plan their capaign to get the milage to the greater extent. But it is true that the ad related to the children is very well watched by them and are enjoyed by the children. For every action, there is an opposite and an equievalent reaction. Hence the advertisers have to make a strategic planning on their timing and the money spent for the ad should not go waste. In other words thei ad capaign should regulated. The ad should not turn to irritate the viewers and it should not also exaggerate. It should be simple to showcase their products qualities and applications. I believe currently that advertising has become so powerful and so subtle that we accept most of it without thinking. It is our environment. We buy shirts and bags with large logos and ‘show off’ most of us own a TV, the programs that exist are there only to get us to see ads. Our newspapers are covered in ads and we still call it news. My point is that advertising is in no way positive. It creates ‘want’ in a society that doesn’t understand the true meaning of ‘Need’. Fr. Kavanaugh was on the mark when describing the effects of advertising on society. Our moral values are being degraded by the bombardment of impropriety by the media. Adler would be quick in pointing out the reason why these messages have such a negative effect on people. There are two main tactics advertisers use to sell their product: either imply that their product will bring about the achievement of a particular (usually real) good, or make their product the object of desire, therefore making it an apparent good to people. The problem with associating products with the achievement of a good lies more in the realm of truth than in good, because it lies in whether or not the product can truly live up to its claims. The relation between a product and statements, therefore, they are directly misleading the public. The other subjective thing, it would seem to be acceptable for advertisers to qualify represent — in other words, Calvin Klein products are now in and of themselves associating more importance to the product than to the good involved, like a society to advocate proper moral values in their advertising, or at least not The effects of 2 People see advertisements all around the globe that attempt to lure consumers to buy products. Advertisements are placed in newspapers, magazines, schools, and on billboards everywhere. According to marketing consultants Stan Rapp and Tom Collins, on a typical day, an average American sees over 5,000 advertisements a day (Gay, 1992). Many questions arise about these advertisements, such as â€Å"Is advertising deceptive? Does it create or perpetuate stereotypes? Does it create conformity? Does it create insecurity in order to sell goods? Does it cause people to buy things that they really don’t need? †(Alexander & Hanson, 1993, p. 240). Advertisers use specific methods to target teen consumers, but these methods are not always successful or ethical. Advertising is giving the general public information about new goods and trying to increase overall sales, which increases the efficiency of the nation’s economy. It is supposed to be a significant way of getting the point across about a product and create motivation for people to buy. Advertising alone, however, does not get customers. It simply catches consumers’ attention, gets them to walk up to a shelf, and make an impulsive purchase. However, getting the customer back requires a more creative marketing approach. There are several ways to research consumers’ behaviors, likes, and dislikes. The most popular method is tests and surveys, both before and after a product is introduced. Telephone surveys are very common, but they take several thousand calls to get a substantial number of responses to work with. Along with those, written questionnaires and samples, either handed out in stores or sent by mail, are effective tests to see if consumers like a product or not. The reactions to the samples, results of questionnaires, and number of participants are all recorded as The effects of 3 a part of the researching process to come up with effective ads. All of this data collected also has other purposes, such as information on warranties and which groups to target for certain products. Companies also check whether the ads are being productive by means of comparing the money made and number of sales during periods of advertising to those during a time of no advertising. Some companies even allow average consumers to preview a commercial to get a response. As a result, companies learn what consumers want before wasting money on useless ads. A well-known advertising strategy is making consumers feel insecure and creating fears that can be overcome by buying. Advertising reveals the latest fashions and the new popular novelties on the market. It exhibits perfect individuals wearing the new styles and looking good. Consumers observe this perfection and envy it. Therefore, they go out and buy in hopes of reaching perfection. Furthermore, being an accepted member of society has become very important to most individuals. For instance, the presence of body odor on individuals makes them an outcast in society. Advertisers use this knowledge to their advantage by developing ads that show a person using deodorant and being recognized as popular. Fear also works into the whole advertising process. Due to the fear by consumers that they will not fit in, they pay close attention to the new ads for the new looks, which gives advertisers more drive to make their ads portray the ideal person. Advertisers also insure that ads are simply informational, but many disagree and believe that they are definitely persuasive. According to Douglas Kellner, a professor of philosophy, as early as the 1920s, advertising critics argue that ads began to persuade Americans, due to the new invention of the assembly lines and the concept of corporations, that buying material The effects of 4 goods was the thing to do. They tried convincing people that spending hard-earned dollars on items that could be hand-made was the new accepted behavior that would enhance their lives (Alexander & Hanson, 1993). Likewise, critics of the advertising industry argue that it connects products with preferred emotions, such as happiness and popularity. For example, beer commercials often show a man after a hard day’s work enjoying an ice-cold beer to relax him. They also argue that ads give people the impression that products can give them talent. Take athletics, for example. Nike ads are accused of implying that their shoes will give a consumer athletic ability. Michael Jordan is shown in a television commercial dunking a basketball, wearing a new style of Nike shoes. Consequently, kids are going to want the same pair to be â€Å"like Mike† (Wolf, 1998, n. p. ). On the other hand, advertising agencies say that they just give the consumers up-to-date information. They show change in their ads because they know that is what consumers want and to fulfill the needs of the general public, change. Thus, persuasive strategies are considered techniques used by advertisers to get consumers to buy. Teenagers have become top consumers in today’s society, so advertisers have focused on getting their business. According to Simmons Market Research Bureau of New York City, teens bought 25% of all movie tickets and 27% of all videos, totaling $6. 6 billion. In 1998, teens spent $1. 5 billion on jeans, almost twice as much as in 1990, and $3 billion on sneakers, almost four times more than the amount spent in 1997 (Tulley, 1994). Another reason teens are being targeted is the fact that there are many more teens in America today than the past Generation X. The current number is even expected to grow in the next decade, giving advertisers more reason to target them. Winning teens over as customers, today, means possible long-term customers, The effects of 5 which equal big profits. The majority of teens also have part-time jobs or some type of income. With the possibility of the minimum wage raising once again, teens have come to possess a lot of buying power. According to the Teenage Research Unlimited, teenagers spent $140 billion in 1998, which is 14 percent more than in 1997 (Berkowitz & Evangelista, 1999). Teens are able to spend their money more freely because they do not have the responsibilities of adults. They even have a greater influence on household spending, as their role in the spending of their parents’ money continues to grow. For instance, it is not unusual for a parent to send their teenager to the grocery store for them, giving them complete control of brand choice. Thus, teenagers are becoming big targets for advertisers due to their growing consumerism. Why are teenagers such big targets in the advertising industry? The answer is simple: They are different. Advertisers view them as a constant changing generation with optimistic outlooks. They want to show individuality by their clothes and possessions, yet fit in with their peers. Their optimism comes from the good rate of job placement after college, the good position of the nation’s economy, and the very low unemployment rates. Teenagers can basically strive for any career with a good chance of being successful. They like to feel good about themselves, so they buy new materials to produce that feeling. Teens are continuously purchasing new items to keeps up with the changing trends. Therefore, advertisers use their view of teens to create ads. With this in mind, advertisers devise specific ads, using a variety of tactics, to appeal to these changing teens. Although marketers each have their own unique techniques, they all use original, flashy, and funny ads to reach the teenage audience. They make posters with college age students that create a fun and happy image. Television commercials include music with The effects of 6 good beats and bizarre images because that is what gets the attention of teens. For example, the Gap’s swing dancing commercials were a big success among teens. They bought their clothes and accessories from the Gap because they could relate to it. That is one reason Gap is ranked as the number one casual clothes store among teens. Advertisers use celebrities to endorse products because teens admire and look up to them. Since teens are still trying to find themselves, advertisers try to create ads and brands that will survive past the finding years of teenagers, so they will have them as future customers. Due to the change in today’s teens, advertisers target them much more. Another controversial subject with advertising is that fact that teenage smoking is on the rise. According to TIPS (Tobacco Information and Prevention Source), at least 6,000 people try a cigarette for the first time each day, all of which are under eighteen years old. There are at least 4. 5 million smoking adolescents in the United States. From 1988 to 1996, the number of adolescents, ages twelve to seventeen, who are daily smokers, has increased by 73 percent (http://www. cdc. gov/tobacco/initfact. htm). Teenage smoking has obviously increased in the United States. As a result, tobacco advertisements are being blamed for the increase use of tobacco by teenagers. Many advertising critics argue that tobacco ads do indeed influence and contribute to the number of teenage smokers. Most teens, however, disagree and believe that their peers are the number one factor in their decision to smoke. Since image is very important to teens, they evaluate what image their smoking friends portray. If they want that image too, they may also take up the habit of smoking. A teen’s attitude towards cigarettes is a considering factor, ranking above advertising that leads to teen smoking. It is obvious that if one has a negative attitude The effects of 7 towards cigarettes, he or she will be less smoke. However, if individuals openly accept cigarettes, they may end up as a smoker. Also, those around cigarettes on a daily basis are more likely to be persuaded to smoke than individuals who are not around cigarettes. In the opinions of teens, tobacco ads do not play a big role in their decision to smoke. Advertisers use a variety of tactics to target particular groups, such as teens, to market their product. There are many views on advertising. Despite the many opinions that advertising is manipulative, a waste of money that could go towards other issues, and a bad influence on human beings, there is no true way of proving it has a bad effect on people. It is simply intended to reveal the benefits of products that consumers want. It is vital to many businesses, as some would be unable to survive without a way of making their products known. Although advertising is accused of influencing consumers to buy things they do not need, they have the choice to buy. It is up to the consumer to make wise choices and develop shopping skills that are intelligent.

Financial Problems

Having the ability to pay monthly bills can be a challenge for some people. There are can be many solutions to this problem. One should evaluate the monthly bills to determine what is necessary. Consolidating credit debt may help. If all else fails try consulting a financial advisor. These steps are just a few steps that one may take in the steps to financial stability. One step that many find easy is evaluation of bills. Evaluating ones monthly bills could help lower that person’s monthly debt. The debtor should begin by writing down all monthly bills. He or she should evaluate what bills are necessary and which ones are not. Once that person has defined the bills by status, he or she needs to compare what each non necessity items can be removed. For example, if you have a cell phone with unlimited minutes do you need a house phone with all the amenities? If a person has internet access at home does he need mobile access for his laptops? Once the person has answered these questions he should then cancel any unnecessary bills. This person may utilize the internet and comparison shop for monthly rates on things deemed necessary. One may also interview neighbors and relatives to compare their similar service bills. This evaluation process should have great potential to a person with high number of bills. This may not help as much with a person who has a large amount of credit bills. A person with a large amount of credit bills may consider debt consolidation. Debt consolidation would consolidate credit card and finance bills into to one monthly payment. This is a loan so one must look for the best rates. Getting quotes from your bank or credit union should be your first start. Get the quotes in writing and remember to read the fine print. Look for late fees, balloon payments, and early payoff penalties. Also one may research the lending institution on BBB to verify lending practices, and maybe complaints. Networking with friends and family can also be a good source of information. One must remember that there is professional help for financial problems. A person who may have a hard time evaluating bills and may not be comfortable talking to banks may benefit from a financial advisor. A financial advisor is a professional who gives advice and financial planning services to an individual. This person may charge a fee or commission for this service. One may begin searching for an advisor through his bank or credit union. For those persons in financial stress this service is sometime offered for free. The financial advisor would evaluate your monthly income and ask you a series of questions. He or she may also set short term and long term goals for you. This will enable you to see progress clearly. This is just a simple outline of how one may concure financial burdens. This is just a simple outline of how one may conquer financial burdens. If a person can evaluate their own problems they have the majority of the problem solved. Being able to evaluate the problem would also allow a person to know the exact amount of money needed for a debt consolidation. Also knowing that you are not sure about all of your finances can inspire you to seek help from a professional that can help you understand. Understanding is the key no matter what strategy you choose. One must understand exactly what their problem is and also that they have reached a limit. Knowing what their limit is another key to financial recovery. Debt evaluation, debt consolidation, or hiring a financial advisor may be a great help to someone in financial despair.

Free Trade EU

Sample details Pages: 25 Words: 7631 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Free trade and competition for the EU Is it fair and in the interests of free trade and competition for the EU to impose quotas on the Chinese textile industry or is the EU guilty of protectionism? The trade relationship between the European Union and China is one that has existed for several years now. However, this relationship is one that has had its share of conflicts over the past 15 years or so, with regard to the volumes traded between the two regions. Since China entered the WTO in December 2001, trade barriers between China and the European were removed in order to ameliorate trade between the two. However, the textile and clothing product volumes that were exported from China to the EU began hurting the domestic markets in the EU. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Free Trade EU | Economics Dissertations" essay for you Create order It was due to this occurrence that the EU decided to re-apply quotas on China. In accordance with WTO principles, this is apparent violation of a developing countrys products. However, when China entered the WTO, the agreement asserted that a member may re-impose quotas on China for one year if that members markets were being hurt through Chinas export volumes of textile and clothing products. Introduction If one looks back around a hundred or more years ago, life was certainly simpler than it is today. This refers to the fact that there have been a plethora of developments that have impacted everyone. The developments that one may consider in particular are technological ones as well as intellectual ones. Some may even go as far as asserting that each of these drives the other. However, because of more awareness and technological development, life today is more complex than it was before. In every field one considers today, things are generally more complex. The business environment is a good example, as it is one that is influenced by an array of newer ideas as well as new technology. The technology mentioned here refers to the inventions or innovations that have made globalization possible. Business in todays world has to consider this macro economical phenomenon, as it is a major part of the business today. Globalization does not only affect international trade, but also has its impact on trade within each country. In addition totalling about the unavoidable globalization aspect of business today, it is important to focus on business ideas and relationships that forma major part of them. An example of trade relations is the trade relationship between Chin and the European Union. Rationale The trade relationship between the European Union and China is an interesting and important relationship to study because of the fact that it has a long history behind it. In addition to this, it is an important relationship to study because it helps to expose aspects of competition, rapid growth, as well as questions regarding free trade and protectionism. With increased emphasis in recent times on factors like free trade, its important to understand the relationship that has prevailed between China and the European Union. In addition to this, it is important to understand why there may have been changes in this long relationship over the years. More importantly, it of interest to scholars and all those associated with international business that the reasons for recent changes in the relationship. These changes include the Imposing quotas on the Chinese textile industry. Research Question In view of the relationship between the Chinese and the European Union being studied in this paper, there are several details that will be exposed. However, the main question that will be dealt with includes the following: Is it fair and in the interests of free trade and competition for thee to impose quotas on the Chinese textile industry or is the EU guilty of protectionism? In order to answer this question, there needs to be detailed study of relevant data on this subject. To begin with, there is need to explore all pertinent matter on this subject, which will be dealt with in the following section of this paper: Since technological advancements have promoted more effective communication around the world, international business has been greatly facilitated. Many economies have grown as a result of better communication. The European Union and particularly China have ameliorated their means of business because of effective communication. Certainly, these effective means have enhanced the speed with which trade has taken place. Richer countries, like those in the European Union, have had the capital in to invest in ventures across the globe, and have subsequently thrived of other markets . China on its part has been faced with the necessity of keeping up to date its communications methods and systems. This has been one of the grounds for concern in the past few years, as China is a major player in international trade. Businesses that were previously limited to UK markets have been extended to other places around the globe, as a result of globalization. Products that were freely available in one part of the world were easily spread into several others. The result of this was greater influx of revenue earned, and the chief operating office or store would benefit in its original location. This is true to say fork or US establishments that had chains in markets where labour is cheap. Certainly, with the advantage that chain store provided businesses, its no wonder why this example of international business has been highlight in the trade arena. In addition to chain stores being lucrative earning opportunities, there are several other opportunities that have risen . In terms of considering economic conditions, it can be asserted that globalization has presented businesses in countries like the UK and US with ample opportunity for outsourcing work. This is quite a common trend now as there are markets available to countries like the UK that have cheaper labour. Outsourcing to places like India is common today because UK companies are known to save a great deal of revenue. They need not hire workers in the UK because they are more costly in contrast to hiring them in India. In time to come, more and businesses will be conducted this way through hiring labour outside teak where it is cheaper. Therefore, it can be asserted that International Business is expected to undergo more changes in time to come. This is because of the fact that businesses are still in the process of realizing the scope of profits that can be earned. China is another country that has managed to take its products to other regions, and is still in the process of ameliorating its communication methods. However, it does not face significant obstacles in this regard. Technological Developments that Impact Business Today: There are several reasons why some may believe that international business is modified by technology. This is perhaps because the causes of this are more evident in their physical form. Developments such as credit cards, swipe machines and e-commerce technology, etc., are few of the things that are implemented as part of everyday business (Kennedy,2000, 34-9). With the use of credit cards, one can make an international business transaction. There is no need to travel to different parts of the world to get a particular product. Products that are affordable, like ones from China, can now be purchased while one sits at home [Taylor, 2002, 28]. Goods of various kinds are available through the Internet, and countries like China with a mass of products can serve one in almost any part of the world. This is possible because of products being available through the Internet and through payment with a credit card, etc. Here, one can see how important the establishment of the Internet has been in promoting international business too. The Internet is at the centre of technology as well as economic and political conditions too, and it is almost always considered when controls are being decided upon regarding safeguarding international business. This refers to the fact that businesses are known to exchange vital data across it during transactions or other forms of communication through it (Kennedy, 2000, 34-9). Also related to the Internet-based technology is telecommunication that has been transformed too. This type of technology has made things more convenient for business individuals in different parts of the world. Countries like China have been working to make sure their systems are up to date and capable of meeting requirements of trading partners like the EU. Today, instead of business people having to meet in person, they simply have online conferences and conversations. Even prior to signing contracts and going through with business deals, these forms of corresponding are proving to be successful. China is no stranger to these forms of communication (Kennedy, 2000, 34-9). The Trade Relationship between the European Union and China: Trade relations between different countries are important as they each form a part of a larger trade environment. Considering the China-European Union trade relationship, it can be asserted that this trade relationship indeed forma a significant part of the overall trade environment. This is because of the fact that China is third on the list of countries that the European Union trades with. What may be considered to be more significant is the fact that this trade relationship is one that has a long history to it, and has seen three different stages. Another interesting fact to note is that export and import volumes have always been on the rise between these two countries over the years in spite of obstacles coming in between these countries. The three stages through which the China and European Union trade relationship has gone through is as follows: 1. Western ostracism/Chinese self-sufficiency, 1949-1959; 2. Increasing bilateral trade development/low conflict levels, 1960-1988; and 3. EU-level trade policy/explosive trade growth/increasing trade conflict, 1989-present The first stage is the stage within which sanctions were imposed on China because of the Communist takeover. The sanctions were first imposed by the United States of America, and then were followed by the European countries. The trade volume during this period is almost not worth considering, and whatever trade did take place before these sanctions could be considered as a starting point in the trade relationship. Having sanctions imposed could in a manner of speaking mean that there was a relationship between Europe and China. Otherwise there would be no need for sanctions. The following stage in the trade relationship between China and the European Union describes a gradual increase in trade. The gradual increase in trade was later transformed into rapid trade developments[Table 1 reflects these trade development] and even agreements being signed between the two regions. Out of the different trade agreements signed during this period, it can be said that the most important of these are the agreement on commercial co-operation [1978], and the trade and economic agreement signed in [1985] . The third phase in which China and the European Union are in reflect the rapid trade progress that began in the second stage of their trade relations. Though this third stage has seen several developments, it has also seen several conflicts. However, bilateral relations still continue. The problem that seems to be most significant is that the European Union is further tightening its rules on the trade relationship with regard to specific products. The latest of these obstacles to trade between China and the European Union is the licensing quotas that have been imposed by the European Union on the import of textile from China. What do obstacles like quotas do? When two countries have traded for several years, they automatically gain an understanding between each other and trade volumes tend to expand gradually. This is similar to what exists between China and the European Union. They have traded with each other for several years, and this has led to agreements being signed between them. This has meant that trading between the two regions has become more practical, as trading obstacles were removed significantly. When trading obstacles are mentioned here it means that tariffs are removed. Precisely, this is why quotas should not be applied to any trade relationships as it introduces tariffs on trade. When tariffs are introduced, trade is less convenient, and this may even be a sign of deliberate attempts to reduce trade between two regions. In the case of China and the European Union, since the European Union has imposed licensing quotas on exports from China, it is apparent that the EU wants to mitigate textiles coming from China. This is because the EU had signed agreements that reduced tariffs and trade barriers when they traded with China (Ma, Wang, 2001, 22-5). Is There Any Specific Reason for the European Union Imposing Quotas on China? Over the years, when the EU has traded with China there has been change in the quality of exports coming from China. Previously, China had been known for its low quality products (Dong et al, 1998, 19-27).However, it can be asserted that there has been a change in the quality that China produces for the EU market. China has become increasingly aware of the fact that the EU market is quality conscious. This is because they understand that the market in several EU members is affluent. Particularly, Germany is a market that goes for high quality goods. China has therefore understood the need to develop an identity that may not have been before. Since European consumers now demonstrate shift in their attitudes, there is more scope for Chinese and other Asian countries to cater to these attitudes. A significant segment of consumers in the EU are ready to explore new brands (Lee, 2003, 20-2}.With their high expectations of new products and brands, these consumers present tremendous scope for the Chinese and other Asian countries to produce quality goods and services. Particularly in the case of the Chinese, it can be asserted that with their low cost quality goods, they can capture a great deal of the market (Fuchs,2003). In accordance with surveys, it is thought that China indeed has good chances of capturing a significant part of the European market as compared to other Asian countries. What goes in Chinas favour is the fact that they have had had a long relationship with the European Union, and consumers have taken to their products. In addition to this, Chinas prices have been more affordable than other Asian countries, considering the quantity they produce as well. It is because of this that China has managed to maintain an image as a supplier to major markets [Fuchs, 2003]. This has also helped its reputation as it has managed to align itself alongside other members of the WTO. Therefore, on its part, China has done nothing to violate the rules of the WTO (Williams et al, 2002, 577-91. Having mentioned Chinas abidance by the WTO rules, it is worth noting that China had Seventy Thousand Textile and clothing enterprises in2002, of which only twenty present are state-owned. With more than 80percent of the textile industry in the hands of the private sector, China is doing well to abide by WTO policies. Though China has been doing well, in 2002, it was predicted that China was headed for obstacles. One of the first obstacles was thought to be the increasingly strong hi-tech tendency led by information progress. Considering that there has been an immense advancement in data interchange, e-commerce and virtual trading sites, if China did not focus on these aspects it would not be able to stay in the market(Taylor et al., 2001). In addition to this, it was thought that China would have to face an expediting tendency of economic globalization and market integration marked with the World Trade Organization . Obviously China has been making progress in these directions, and this is the reason why they are still in the market and in demand as suppliers of quality products at reduced costs. Though there are still many consumers who have the impression that China continues with its low quality and bulk produced goods, there are also many consumers who are ready to explore the newer Chinese brands that aim at producing better quality to consumers in thee that have higher expectations [Fuchs, 2003]. As far as working according to the WTO expectations is concerned, China has managed to so far combat its trade functions that are not according to WTO expectations. As a result of this, China has gained through its membership, and it is ready to take further steps in order to be completely in sync with WTO standards (Yang, 2001, 437-42). One benefit that China has had since it joined the WTO is that its textile and clothing exports to the US have increase momentously. This is reflected in the fact that US textile and clothing imports from China had risen by 124 % in 2002. This was one year after China joined the WTO in 2001.Chinese exporters reduced their prices in order to gain a greater share in the market. They were able to do so, among other reasons, because quota rents were reduced and Chinese enterprises increased their productivity by investing heavily in new machinery and technology (Knapped, 2003). As a result of this, China realized that it had even greater scope for exports, and continued to work towards enhancing its quality and output in the textile and clothing industry. In 2000, Chinas output in the textile and clothing industry has stood at 97.7% while the US has stood at 76.3 %. In contrast to these high percentages, the EUs output has dropped from 53% (1980) to 29% (1995).Quite obviously, the EU textile market has been on the decline, and has also been known to undergo a continuous process of restructuring in this industry . Another interesting fact to note is that while import quotas were reduced in the past 15-20 years, Chinas exports to the EU increased bay startling 164%. In contrast to Chinas huge volume of export to thee in the category of textile and clothing, other countries only increased their exports to the EU by 10 % . Since the USA and the EU both had anticipated such a situation in which China would overwhelm domestic markets in these two countries [in the category of textile and clothing products], when China entered the Wrother agreement included allowing any member to re-impose quotas in order to safeguard themselves. The agreement allowed any member to impose quotas for a period of one year between 2005 and 2008, but this was only in the case of domestic markets being affected in the USA and thee . What Does the WTO Say About Discrimination? It is known that agreements formed between member countries are meant to benefit all members as a whole. It is rare that agreements intrude discriminate against some countries. In order to prevent discrimination in trade taking place, the WTO has set standards that are to be followed closely. Being a successor to the GATT, it follows the principles set by the GATT as well. Indeed, many of the newer policies established are a result of GATT policies that were first established in the 1940s (Brews, et al, 1996, 27-51). The WTO [World Trade Organization] is the successor of the GATT[General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade]. The WTO is at present, an organization, which has further developed various policies dealing with multilateral trade, and also has maintained and followed policies that were established under GATT. Policies that are followed under GATTinclude articles 1 and 3 under GATT 1994. The WTO upholds the GATT 1994policy, which consists of the principle of non-discrimination. These are particularly relevant to the trade relationship between China and the European Union (Brews, et al, 1996, 27-51). Basically, the principle of in the GATT 1944 has two main points that promote fair multilateral trade. These include the Most-Favoured Nation[MFN], which is the clause contained in GATT Article I, and the second one is the National Treatment rule that comes under Article III(Brews, et al, 1996, 27-51). In accordance with Article I, Members of the WTO are not supposed to discriminate between the products of other Members and the products that are from any other country. This is especially the case with developing countries that try to promote themselves as possible. No country is supposed to have any special trading benefits with another country or discriminate against it. As a result of this, all members are believed to have equal rights, and they all have the same benefits that come of any rules for lower trade barriers (Hoekman Kostecki, 2001, 37-50). The MFN principle mentioned earlier, guarantees countries, whether they are developing countries or ones with little economic leverage, so that they may gain freely from the most appropriate trading conditions no matter when and where they are decided upon. The important component of non-discrimination, National Treatment, is yet another supporting factor. In accordance with Article III, once products have been launched in any market, they should be treated the same as locally produced ones (Brews, et al, 1996, 27-51). It must be asserted that the principle of non-discrimination is the central rule around which the rules of the multilateral trading system are established. Another consideration that might be brought into play is the fact that the WTO practically overrules the other policies and laws when it comes to sustaining trade between countries. Its policies are such that it has the power to overrule laws such as environmental-based as well. In addition to this, it is an agreement that is believed to be powerful enough to overrule government powers through imposing sanctions. Theta agreement has the power to overrule policies that prevent trade from taking place multilaterally (Martin Ianchovichina, 2001,1205). Free trade refers to an agreement whereby all member countries are allowed to conduct uninhibited trade without any barriers being imposed on them once their products are introduced in the market (Brews, etal, 1996, 27-51). The WTO mission statement asserts that the organization aims at promoting smooth and free trade through encouraging lower trade barriers. In addition to this, it also provides a platform that caters to the negotiation of trade; it helps in resolving trade disputes as well between member nations. Also, the aim of the WTO is to aid producers of goods and services, importers and exporters to carry out their businesses (Hoekman Kostecki, 2001, 37-50). The WTO Trading system follows the following principles in order to fulfil their mission. It asserts that: 1. A trading system is encouraged to be more competitive. 2. A trading system needs to be open and accommodating so that less developed countries are encompassed. This will provide them with more time, greater flexibility, and privileges too. 3. A trading system needs to be free of discrimination in order to prevent one country from discriminating against another country or against foreign products or services. 4. A trading system should not have barriers that inhibit it from trading freely. 5. A trading system needs to be predictable in a manner that foreign companies and governments can have the confidence that trade obstacles will not take place and that the markets they invest in will not suffering anyway (Hoekman Kostecki, 2001, 37-50). From the above, the WTO promotes a suitable environment within which businesses can be introduced, can operate, and may not be driven out of easily. It is an organization lends tremendous support to trading countries like China that has immense scope for growth. Methodology: In order to conduct a study and answer the above research question, there is need to understand what can be deciphered from the matter reviewed. The matter reviewed will essentially consist of authentic material that is concerned with the relationship between China and the European Union, and also what the WTO principles state regarding the trade relations between these two sides. The literature review will reanalysed thoroughly so as to expose the underlying answer to the research question. For this study, there will be a qualitative as well as a quantitative method employed. This means that in addition to the literature review that would serve as a good amount of data, a survey will also be conducted and analysed. The survey will consist of 10 questions and 50participants randomly selected. This data obtained through the survey will be compared with the reviewed literature in order to determine whether opinions coincide or not. Sources for the literature review are ones that are relative to the issue and are authentic, as they are taken from books, journals as well as official websites, newspapers and magazines. Sources used in the literature review are relevant to the area of study as well as the other relevant views that help in exploring this area of study as deeply as possible. In addition to the use of the sources mentioned above, the important factors belonging to field studied here are obtained from other studies and presentations, which means that this Isa qualitative study. This helps to bring together a wider range of opinions and facts that can be analysed from different angles. Careful analysis will be carried out in order to answer the research question. After analysing the facts presented and making use of opinions as well, the study will be concluded. Analysis Trade relations between any two regions are not only governed by principles set between them, but are also directly influenced by factors outside the relationship. This could refer to globalization-influenced communications or even political rules through organizations. The relationship between China and the European is an example of a trade relationship that is subject to external influences as well as the agreements set between the two regions. The reason why it is said that the trade relationship between China and the EU is influenced by external factors is because of the comparisons that are often made with the EUs trade relationships with other countries. Also, the fact that China is now a member of the WTO means that both trading regions are now under the WTO obligations (Martin Ianchovichina, 2001, 1205). However, the trade relationship between the two regions is not mitigated by the WTO. Instead, the WTO encourages a better trade relationship between the two regions. It can therefore be said that the trade relationship between the EU and China is one that is mainly influenced by the agreements that the two countries have. The history of the relationship between these trading regions plays an important role in understanding the relationship, as the relationship was strengthened over a several years and trade volumes grew proportionately as well (Martin Ianchovichina, 2001, 1205). The European Unions Viable Markets: Since the very beginning of the trade relationship between China and the European Union, both sides saw immense scope for exports and imports. This is because both of them realized that they had markets that needed services and products from each other. Particularly, the European members realized that they had a vast consumer market the Chinese could cater to. Chinese products and services suited Consumers because of the fact that China was able to supply in bulk and that to at a low cost. Till today this is one of the major reasons why the EU is keen on trading with them. This is in spite of the fact that there are conflicts between the two sides. The Chinese have always realized the potential in EU market through the years. They are aware of the fact that they can produce products and services that are affordable for most consumers in the European Union. They have understood the consumers in the past as well as now, and are aware of the shifts that are taking place in consumer culture. The Chinese are also well aware of how much they need to ameliorate their quality with regard to particular products and services. They know that there is an affluent market to cater to in addition to the average consumer who would settle for more affordable products produced in China. Since the general impression of China has been that they produce low quality products in bulk, the Chinese are changing that image now. They know that a significant portion of the EU market has affluent individuals who want quality products. China knows that it is in apposition to produce this quality for a small sacrifice. They will lower their margin of profit in order to achieve this, and would still be able to make profits that are more than what other countries can do. In addition to being aware of their capability and how much they can do to withhold significant portions of the EU market, the Chinese also know that there is a portion of the EU market that is willing to explore newer brands. This is something that would help them create a better image for themselves. As mentioned above, many believe that China produces low quality goods. However, with a significant portion of the EU market being curious enough to explore new products, gives China a good opportunity to ameliorate its image as a country that produces quality goods (Kong, 2001, 1181-214). This is the case with the textile and clothing products that China produces. It has aimed at producing better quality in recent times, but may also have low quality as well because the change is still in progress. Demand for Chinese Textile and Clothing Since it Entered the WTO: Since it entered the WTO in 2001, Chinas textile and clothing products have been in demand in both, the USA and the EU. The fact that they have improved their quality and because they are cheaper than the same products supplied by other countries, puts them ahead (Martin Ianchovichina, 2001, 421446). In addition to this, there arent many countries that can produce goods in the quantity that China can [Table3 reflects the increased number of employed individuals in China].However, China is flooding the market with its textile and clothing products, and this is a significant degree of concern for developed countries like the USA and the EU. The EU in particular has objected tithe manner in which their market has been flooded and the manner in which their domestic producers are being hurt. This is the reason why they are now imposing quotas on Chinese textile and clothing exports. Quotas that previously applied to Chinese exports to the EU were removed in order to ameliorate trade between the two regions. This waste make trade more prosperous, and it certainly did help the trade volumes increase significantly. However, after 2001, when China entered the WTO, Chinese textile and clothing products were welcomed to such an extent that they flooded the EU market. This is the reason why the EU has decided to re-impose quotas on Chinese textile and clothing exports to the EU (Martin Ianchovichina, 2001, 421446). Many object to the EU re-imposing quotas that bring back the effects of tariffs and trade obstacles between China and the EU. They believe that it is unfair and that the EU is abandoning its commitment to trade under the WTO rules. Here, it is important to include what the WTO rules assert regarding such a situation where the EU has attempted to mitigate textile and clothing exports from China to the EU (Martin Ianchovichina, 2001, 421446). Is the European Union Violating WTO Principles? In view of the WTO principles, it is clear that member countries are not supposed to discriminate against any products or member countries. In addition to this, it is said that no member me provide advantages intrude over other member countries. This is something that the EU has done with China in the past. No country is supposed to have any special trading benefits with another country or discriminate against it. As a result of this, all members are believed to have equal rights, and they all have the same benefits that come of any rules for lower trade barriers (Rose, 2004, 98-114). Though providing China with trade advantages was done with the intention of promoting better trade between the two regions, it violates the rights of other WTO members. Since no member of the WTO is allowed to have any special trading benefits with another country or discriminate against it, they all have equal rights, and they all have the same benefits that come of any rules for lower trade barriers(Hoekman Kostecki, 2001, 37-50). If advantages were to be provided to trading partners, they should have been provided to all trading partners that were trading the same commodity to the EU. However, in view of the long relationship that China enjoyed with the EU, and the fact that the EU saw China as amiable trade partner, the EU hoped to secure their trade relationship. Quite obviously, removing quotas from trade with China was carried outing order to maintain a long-term trade relationship. However, there have been conflicts that have taken place from time to time between China and the EU due to the volume that China manages to export to thee. The WTO obviously would not have any objection to the EU removing quotas, but to re-impose them would be considered violation of (Rose, 2004, 98-114). Clearly, it can be observed from the above points under the WTO that its in thorough favour of trade being promoted at all levels. It also aims at reducing the level of discrimination among the trading countries in order to promote more competition as well as provide opportunities to all. Can China Be Protected by the WTO if the European Union re-applies quotas? The WTO/GATT principles of non-discrimination are the chief principles of free trade, and have to a great extent aided China in its trade with the EU. It is through these principles that countries like China are able to trade freely and not be inhibited by any newer laws once they have their products in the market. The idea of the WTO asserting that countries with their products in the market being immune to newer policies by member countries is to protect them from being pushed out of the market (Hoekman Kostecki, 2001, 37-50). The quotas binger-imposed by the EU is an example of Chinese textile and clothing products being mitigated. The WTO protects such countries that ordinarily would be driven out of competition (Brews, et al, 1996,27-51). With its chief mission to maintain and promote competition in the market, the WTO seeks to make trading countries immune to newly introduced laws that seek to discriminate against them. This is interesting to discuss because of the fact that it is this law that thee apparently is violating. It is thought that by them re-imposing quotas on Chinese exports they are discriminating against them. Particularly, it may be pointed out that the EU is re-imposing quotas because its domestic market and producers are being hurt by the exports coming from China in large volumes. Here, it may be asserted that GATT1994, article 1 and 3 are of tremendous importance, as it is the fundamental principle of non-discrimination that the WTO enforces (Rose,2004, 98-114). To begin with, Article 1 asserts that products of member countries should not be treated differently. Alongside this, Article 3 asserts that once products from WTO members have already been introduced into the market, they cannot be removed or inhibited by laws introduced later, such as the re-imposed quotas. Is China an Exception? In asserting that the EU may have violated WTO principles of on-discrimination, it may also be remembered that there was a particular clause inserted in the WTO agreement when China entered in2001. The USA and the EU both were well aware of the rapid pace with which China could export textile and clothing products. Therefore, they needed to devise some mechanism that would prevent China from overwhelming their markets in this category. Therefore, the clause that they inserted asserted that any member has the right to impose quotas for a period of one year between 2005 and 2008. Since this was a point that the Chinese agreed on, it is difficult to say whether it is right for the EU to impose quotas. In view of the research question that asks whether it is fair and in the interests of free trade and competition for the EU to impose quotas on the Chinese textile industry, it might be asserted that the EU guilty of protectionism. To some, the EU may be guilty of protectionism. However, if it is being protective over its markets, it must be realized that it is being protective after making clear at the time when China entered the WTO agreement that it could impose quotas for a year. The Chinese after agreeing to this point should not have any objection (Rose, 2004, 98-114). Given that the Chinese entered the WTO according to their own freewill, which is supposed to protect countries like them, they find that the same agreement allows the EU to impose quotas for a year. Undoubtedly, the Chinese were aware of this part of the agreement. However, on the part of the WTOs actual mission statement, it may be asserted that it is their duty [WTOs duty] to make sure that quotas like these are nullified. This is because these quotas go against thetas major principles that are based on GATT articles 1 and 3 (Rose,2004, 98-114). Still, this argument against the quotas being re-imposed may be neutralized by the argument that the WTO was aware of Chinese exports being an exception. This is based on the fact that some Chinese exports such as the textile and clothing products are fully capable of continuing where it leaves of. This means that after a year of the quotas being applied, the Chinese textile and clothing products could continue its performance. A question that emerges from this point includes asking what would be the next move for the EU if these Chinese exports behave in the same manner and hurt the domestic producers in the EU. Inclusion of Survey Results: In view of the argument that re-imposing quotas goes against the WTOs major principles [based on GATT articles 1 and 3], the survey conducted has interesting answers worth considering [Questionnaire and Accumulated Answers in the Appendix]. According to the survey conducted, it is apparent that some individuals do not have complete faith in the WTO rules. 11 out of the 50individuals do not really believe that the WTO benefits all members equally. Whether or not the clause in the WTO applies to China in adjust manner, some individuals do not believe that it is fair because it does go against the mission statement of the WTO (Hoekman Kostecki, 2001, 37-50). Reinforcing the view of the 11 individuals who do not believe that WTO benefits all members equally, is the number in the survey that do not agree with quotas being re-applied. These individuals are 15 in number, and out of 50 individuals used, it may be asserted that this is significant number. It must be noted that this number was a general opinion of whether or not quotas should be re-applied whenever deemed necessary. Again here, support this figure, is the number of individuals that disagree with quotas being re-applied to Chinese textile and clothing products exported to the EU. They are 20 in number, and this again, is a significant number. In view of the above view that is generally against the concept of quotas being re-applied, the following question in the survey received somewhat unexpected figure. To the question: Do you think the Should keep on allowing Chinese textile and clothing products to flood their markets?, the answers were: YES: 15 NO: 32 Not Sure: 03. It must be pointed out here that though there is a considerably high number of individuals in the survey that are not in favour of quotas being re-applied, there are several individuals that also feel that Chinese textile and clothing products should not flood domestic markets in the EU. These figures could indicate that there might be alternative ways to sort out the problem that faces the EU domestic market. Perhaps, the EU and China could negotiate or deal with the problem in another manner instead of the EU re-imposing quotas. In addition to the above possible method of solving the problem, the individuals surveyed felt strongly about the capability of the WTO in helping developing countries like China. In answering the question: Do you think that the WTO rules are effective enough to help China and prevent quotas from being re-applied to it?, 47 answered YES. However, the following question: According to the agreement, when China entered the WTO, it allowed re-application of quotas for one-year period if its exports hurt the domestic markets in the EU. Do you think that the WTO should still intervene? 37 felt that the WTO should not intervene. This is perhaps because of the agreement that it has already made with China. However, the EU could still try and negotiate alternative methods of solving the manner in which its markets are being choked by Chinese textile and clothing products coming in to the EU markets. Conclusion In view of all that has been discussed above after reviewing pertinent literature and conducting a survey, there are conflicting opinions that may be considered. In order to put down these opinions as well as facts in the simplest manner possible, the major aspects need to be asserted. In view of the China entering the WTO, it must be first of all remembered that the entered this agreement with knowing about the clause in it that allowed members such as the USA and the EU tore-impose quotas when deemed necessary. Particular, these quotas could be re-applied in the event of domestic markets being hurt by Chinese textile and clothing products being exported to the EU and the USA. Here it is important to assert that China has in fact been expanding its trade volumes rapidly in many markets it trades in. On these grounds, China cannot oppose any quotas re-applied to it. At the same time, considering the mission statement of the WTO and the GATT principles according to which it prevents discrimination against countries like China, many believe that the WTO should intervene in this situation. However, it is argued that since this clause was part of the WTO agreement, how could it be reverted? The alternative to the situation would be for the EU to work out some agreement or negotiate with China. Finally, in answering whether or not it is fair and in the interests of free trade and competition for the EU to impose quotas on the Chinese textile industry, it can be asserted that the EU is working within legal boundaries set by the WTO when China entered it in December 2001.It may also be asserted that the European Union is guilty of protectionism because it fears that its domestic markets and producers are being hurt by the manner in which Chinese textile and clothing products are flooding them. However, this type of situation was predicted, and with the consent and full knowledge of the WTO and China, the EU is able to safeguard its own producers and domestic markets. References Brews, D.M., Mathieson, I., Sutherland, I., Cayless R.A., Dahm, R.H.,Schwartz W.F. Sykes, A.O. 1996. Toward a Positive Theory of theMost Favored Nation Obligation and Its Exceptions in the WTO/GATTSystem. International Review of Law and Economics, Volume 16, Number 1,March 1996, pp. 27-51 Conflicts between the two parties have European Business Review. 1999. Volume 99 Number 3 pp. 154161 Dong, Y., Xu, H. and Liu, F. 1998, Antidumping and the WTO:implications for China, Journal of World Trade, Vol. 32 No. 1, pp.19-27. European Business Review. Volume 99 Number 3 1999 pp. 154161 Fuchs, Hans Joachim. 2003. Fareast Goes West New Opportunities for Asian Brands in Europe. Volume 15 Number 3 2003 Hoekman, B. Kostecki, M. 2001. The Political Economy of the WorldTrading System: WTO and Beyond, Oxford University Press, pp 37-50. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, Vol. 8 No. 2, 2004, pp. 136-140. Keenan, M., Saritas, O. Kroener, I. 2004. A dying industry ornot? The future of the European textiles and clothing industry. Volume6 Number 5. 315 Kennedy, G. 2000, E-commerce: the taming of the Internet in China, The China Business Review, Vol. 27 No. 4, pp. 34-9. Knapped, M. (2003), Textiles and clothing: what happens after 2005?,International Trade Forum, No. 2, available at:www.tradeforum.org/news/printpage.php/aid/550/Textiles_and_Cloth/php/aid/550. Kong, Q. 2001, Enforcement of WTO agreements in China: illusion orreality?, Journal of World Trade, Vol. 35 No. 6, pp. 1181-214. Lee, E. 2003, Can Hong Kong be Asias fashion hub?, ATA Journal, February/March, pp. 20-2. Ma, J. and Wang, J. 2001, Winners and losers of Chinas WTO entry, The China Business Review, March-April, pp. 22-5. Martin, W. Ianchovichina, E. 2001. Implications of ChinasAccession to the World Trade Organisation for China and the WTO. TheWorld Economy, September 2001, Volume 24, Issue 9, Page 1205. Martin, W. Ianchovichina, E. 2001.Trade Liberalization in ChinasAccession to WTO, Journal o f Economic Integration. Volume 16, Number 4/ December 2001, 421 446. Rose, A. K. 2004. Do We Really Know That the WTO Increases Trade? TheAmerican Economic Review, American Economic Association, Volume 94,Number 1, 1 March 2004, pp. 98-114 Taylor, G. 2002. Initiatives in e-commerce in China, ITB International Textile Bulletin, No. 2, p. 28. Taylor, G., Hui, C.L., Ng, S.F., Moon, K.L. and Lau, T.W. 2001, Theapplication of electronic commerce in the fashion and clothingindustries, Proceedings of the 30th Textile Research Symposium, MtFuji, Japan, July/August, pp. 262-9. Williams, M., Kong, Y.H. and Shen, Y. 2002, Bonanza or mirage?Textiles and Chinas accession to the WTO, Journal of World Trade,Vol. 36 No. 3, pp. 577-91. Yang, X. 2001, Chinas entry to the WTO, China Economic Review, Vol. 11 No. 4, pp. 437-42. Yang, Y. 1996, Chinas WTO membership: whats at stake?, World Economy, Vol. 19, pp. 661-82.

The Most Overlooked Fact Regarding Educational Goal Essay Samples Explained

The Most Overlooked Fact Regarding Educational Goal Essay Samples Explained At the close of the game you'll be a lot more knowledgeable concerning the locations and time periods depicted, without so much as realizing you were learning. Therefore, it helps one to acquire independence by realizing what he or she's good at. To some individuals, educational progress results in economic progress. When you concentrate on a procedure rather than a goal, you free yourself from the constant tension and craving for immediate benefits, the urge to attempt to control outcomes that don't depend on you, and the yo-yo effect, when somebody feels stressed after reaching a goal, since there isn't anything else to strive for. The Nuiances of Educational Goal Essay Samples It is not difficult to get consumed in each detail of the board meetings and company and to forget about our wonderful and hardworking staff. Teachers should concentrate on the learners to learn how their previous experiences and prior knowledge will affect the things that they have yet to learn and discover. So, education is a crucial way of eradicating the unemployment issue. It is an important medium of acquiring essential knowledge and skills. Schools throughout the world admit learners from various backgrounds, communities, races tribes and possibly even countries. Learning institutions all over the world are running on a particular routine. It helps we learners to know how to do simple calculations. It helps learners to look at things from all perspectives. Most Noticeable Educational Goal Essay Samples If you're clueless as to the best way to begin an essay or whether you need suggestions regarding topics, our sample essay education can be of some assistance to you. Don't forget to begin your essay strongit should be able to spark the interests of your readers. One's career ought to be suiting the purpose of a person's life and passion besides relying on one's very best skills. You don't need to possess the ideal writing skills so as to be creative and compose an effective essay. The scholarship committee would like to observe how investing in your education will aid your career. Our education is actually wo rth investment. Being part of a fantastic educational institution can be very costly. In the event the education system proceeds to emphasize traditional strategies, students aren't going to learn well and they won't be given a high-quality education. The ideal preparation for the approaching cyber landscape is a holistic technical education in a full range of fields. My whole future is dependent upon the choices I make in college. There's no such thing as a limit to an education. It is crucial for me to get a great education. Education plays an important role in your discipline. It plays a vital role in shaping successful people. Perhaps you wish to advance in your field, and the sole means to do this is to earn your degree. Most job fields demand a descent education. Goal number three is to make sure that everybody has a particular job. For that reason, it can't be reversed. The Problem with How You Set Goals There's a frequent mistake we frequently make when it has to do with setting goals. Goal setting is centered on your benefits. It is simple, yet 97% of the population never do it. Minimize or avoid distractions if possible so that you can get the job done better on your aims. Goals can be helpful in developing a wonderful deal of motivation in an individual. Setting goals doesn't mean that you always fail. Seeting up goals is the very first step towards success. Many governments believe economic progress is their most important objective. There are many advantages of goal setting. For instance, if your target is to collect an extra $1,000 by the conclusion of the calendar year, your system might include slightly boosting your monthly income (through regular freelancing, for instance). Let's return to the survey respondents for an instant.

The Impact of Gang Violence in Oklahoma Essay - 1345 Words

The Impact of Gang Violence in Oklahoma Gangs have had a huge impact in Oklahoma the many years they have been here. Gangs account for most of the drug trade, as well as most of the homicides in the Oklahoma area. Gangs are being fueled by the fear they have given the citizens, therefore most people are too afraid to do anything about the problem. â€Å"Every city in the world always has a gang, a street gang, or the so-called outcasts†.- Jimi Hendrix. http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/keywords/gang.html#JKAwTdi9ZU7BkZjA.99 . Gangs are not only a problem in Oklahoma but all over the world. Gang violence is a big problem in every major city in the United States even Oklahoma and their numbers continue to rise. According to the Department†¦show more content†¦Prison Gangs begin when gang members go to prison, they dont really give up their gang membership but street gangs continue to exist and continue to fight with their rival gangs inside prison itself. A lot of gangs will begin inside a prison and then expanded to the streets. All gangs have different initiations to get into a gang and different initiations to get out of a gang. An initiation is a mark of becoming something new as some cultures believe it is a sign of you being reborn and becoming something new. Most gang initiation involve the gangs member beating you senseless or having you kill someone. There was a case around 15 years ago where two boys that went to Putnam City North High School that had to do an initiation to get into a g ang. The initiation was to rape and kill a girl. They had a classmate that was in there grade and they had ask if they could take her out on a date. When they had picked the girl up they had kidnapped her, taken her to an abandon building and raped her for a continues of 4 hours and when they were done thy and shot her three times in the chest and once in the face. The boys were caught due to a speck of blood on one of their shoes. 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Despite this, the demand for illegal liquor increased and â€Å"so did the methods for masking its production and consumption† (Avey, 1). Because of this, t he government turned to applying new laws and regulations to obstruct the thriving business,

Corporate Law Crowdfunding

Question: Discuss about theCorporate Law for Crowdfunding. Answer: Introduction The technology development in the recent times has had a profound impact on a plethora of activities and fund raising by business is one of these. Internet is widely used as a mechanism by entrepreneurs to enhance their reach to people and thereby make a request for funding and hence work out an arrangement that is mutually beneficial. Such an arrangement is referred to as crowdfunding and in the recent times has become immensely popular globally. Crowdfunding Concept and Role Crowdfunding refers to a mechanism of fund raising for undertaking various businesses with the help of a network that typically comprises of relatives, common people, friends along with investors (both retail and institutional). This method of financing is particularly popular amongst small businesses particularly startups which face difficulty in raising business funds through formal financing sources such as banks[1]. The use of this funding mechanism is not limited to startups only and even some larger companies are choosing this model. For implementing crowdfunding, the companies tend to rely either on specialised crowdfunding mechanisms and/or social media in order to enhance the reach to a host of people and thereby convince them too make contribution towards the business. In the event, that no returns are derived by the investors, then these contributions are termed as donations. The donation of money would typically happen in those cases where the firm is engaged in activitie s that the donor aims to promote. For example, any business which may be selling various aids to disabled people at minimal profits may attract crowdfunding in the form of donations as the business activity has an underlying noble cause. On the other hand, there is investment through crowdfunding which is prompted by the need for returns on the investment made. Besides, crowdfunding may also serve as a substitute of debt financing as interest payments may be done for money raised through crowdfunding. Additionally, crowdfunding may also be done for businesses in exchange of equity or ownership in the business and hence leads to contributors becoming shareholders[2]. In order to raise financing through this mechanism, crowd funding campaigns are organised on the internet. This would typically involve more information about the activities that the firm undertakes and also the tentative expansion plans with estimated returns that the contributors could hope to earn. As a result, such campaigns are essentially the test of the marketing skills of the business considering the wide array of options available to the investors[3]. While crowdfunding appeals to a host of people with lucrative business ideas but it is imperative that money must be utilised in a responsible manner. There is an attempt by certain businesses just to raise finance and then close down business. As a result, it is imperative that effective laws should be in place so as to protect this nascent industry and also ensure that investors interest in not jeopardised. ASIC in this regard advocated that its treatment would be akin to the other management investment schemes and therefore only those firms which have s financial services license could resort to it. Further in case of equity based crowdfunding schemes, it is imperative that the firm would issue a prospectus and would also make information disclosures as per Corporations Act 2001. Also, it is required that various laws that are related to protection of consumer and intellectual property would be applicable for crowdfunding financing. Besides, an Australian law passed in 2015 states that equity crowdfunding would be allowed for those unlisted public companies which have an asset base lower than $ 5 million[4]. It is expected that with a growing economy, the incidence and scope of crowdfunding would increase. However, for industry to mature, it is imperative that borrowers display a responsible behaviour and ensure that promises are not violated with actions taken in bad faith as it may lead to a tragedy of commons for the industry. Also, with regards to equity investors, it is essential to have adequate infrastructure so as to service the informational needs of the investors. Besides, it is also imperative that the inherent risk in crowdfunding especially equity financing needs to be highlighted as the investors in such schemes lack the requisite skills for risk analysis which is characteristic of conventional lenders. Crowdfunding Examples Commercial Context An example of commercial context crowdfunding is the raising of money of Singapore based business Zookal. It aimed at the students in universities and provided them with a host of services. The firm was successful in raising $ 500,000 through crowdfunding[5]. The role of crowdfunding is apparent from the successful financing by this company which would have faced issues with raising finance through traditional sources of finance. Additionally due to the growing incidence of service oriented businesses (some of which may be based on e-commerce),the demand and popularity of crowdfunding is on the increase. It is an innovative way to offer finance to the firm and an opportunity to be shareholders to the people at large. It is imperative that government should provide support to crowdfunding as it could fund businesses which could foster economic growth and provide employment to Australian people considering their specialised skill sets. Social Context One example of usage of crowdfunding in the social context is that of ASRC (Asylum Seeker Resource Centre). The organisation seeks to buy a truck which would ensure availability of grocery items to asylum seekers at reasonable prices. For buying the truck, the organisation has commenced a crowdfunding campaign by using the Startsomegood.com platform so as to make a plea to people for making donation for this noble cause[6]. These asylum seekers are majorly refugees who do not receive adequate support from the government and also are deprived of working rights and therefore are completely dependent on humanitarian aid received by organisations such as ASRC. Crowdfunding as a source of finance is critical for social organisations which require donations and hence need to widen their reach to sensitive people in the community who are willing to donate money for such causes. Thus, prudent regulation on the part of government is imperative to ensure growth of this industry while safeguard ing the investors interest. Proposed Legislative Framework -Australia The growing size and scope of crowdfunding clearly highlights the need of regulation globally so as to ensure that the legitimate interests of both firms and investors are safeguarded. In this context, the response of the Australian government has been rather slow and hence there is no dedicated legislation in place for crowdfunding at present[7]. Present Scenario The government presently deploys a regulatory framework which stipulates strict monitoring of the various models related to crowdfunding for ensuring that investor interest is safeguarded. The prevalent framework is related to that prescribed for managed investment schemes and ensures that intermediaries possess licence of AFS and ensuring that disclosure requirements mandated in Chapter 6D, Corporations Act 2001 are adhered to[8]. This framework is unsuitable for the growth of this industry and inhibits the realisation of its fullest potential. Proposed Legislative Framework The government has realised the need for a dedicated legislative framework for crowdfunding due to the rising popularity of the same. In this regard, CAMAC (Corporations and Markets Advisory Committee) advocated that regulation mechanism needs to be introduced for governance of crowd-sourced equity funding (CSEF)[9]. As a result, the Federal Parliament in December 2015 introduced the Corporations Amendment (Crowd-sourced Funding) Bill 2015 which had the following features[10]. Funds could be raised only by any company which is declared as eligible CFS company. Such companies are those whose annual turnover is lower than $ 5 million and also the companies need to be public limited. For availing crowdfunding by way of equity a new company needs to be created known as exempt public company. The above status may be claimed by various interested borrowing companies for a limited duration of time. The intermediaries involved in raising finance and operating crowdfunding platforms in this manner must avail ASIC license and hence would be termed as CFS Intermediary. This would ensure better communication with the investors and also issuance of requisite warnings with respect to the issuers. Also, these online intermediaries are barred from offering investment advice due to potential conflict of interest. A cap has been introduced for individual investors in order to limit their highest possible loss caused due to business failure. These investors can make a maximum investment of $ 2,500 with regards to a particular firm and also the cumulative investment made annually must not be in excess of $ 10,000. Besides, for issuer firm also, no more than $ 2 million can be raise in a particular financial year using crowdfunding based equity scheme. Besides, the issuer firm cannot issue any advertisement in order to promote or inform the investors about the crowdfunding scheme. It is expected that the above measures would introduce the requisite flexibility in regulation of the CSEF industry and ensure that the standards are in line with developed countries such as US and UK[11]. However, there are certain clauses with regards to certain disclosures and formation of exempt company which tends to enhance the overall complexity and may be counterproductive[12]. UKs Approach to Crowdfunding There is a variety of approaches that companies have displayed towards the regulation of crowdfunding. There are certain countries (US, France, Germany) which tend to follow a restrictive approach while is quite in contract to the flexible approach adopted by other countries (New Zealand, UK) [13]. A comparison of the UK approach and that adhered by Australia in the context of crowdfunding regulation is presented below. As mentioned in the legislative framework of Australia, the maximum amount that could be raised annually is restricted at $ 2million and also the issuer company must adopt the status of an exempt public company. Also, the intermediaries are required to conduct due diligence of the issuers on a regular basis besides operating under an ASIC license. Besides, there is an investment cap on the individual investor which has been defined rather conservatively. Hence, the overall regulatory framework seems restrictive in scope and thus only limited financing could be raised by the interested firms[14]. However, in contrast UK follows a much liberal and flexible approach with the investment cap applicable on investors being much higher at 5 million. Besides, there is no obligation on the intermediaries involved to avail a particular license to engage in the crowdfunding process. The existing securities licence which deals with similar products is sufficient and also the funding should be raised through multiple instruments[15]. This is unlike the case in Australia where the funds need to be necessarily raised in the form of equity only. Thus, it may be inferred that in regards to crowdfunding regulation, the approach adopted by UK offers more flexibility than Australia and augers well for crowdfunding. Conclusion Based on the above discussion, it is imperative that the government needs to take prudent measures to regulate the booming crowdfunding industry so as to ensure that this nascent industry realises it true potential[16]. However, the current regulatory framework proposed in 2015 seems to restrictive and needs to made more flexible by conducting relevant discussion with the stakeholders so that a delicate equilibrium could be worked out which ensures a readily available funding mechanism for small firms and prudent investment opportunity for investors. References Afr.com, Government Blows Its Chance With Equity Crowdfunding Laws (3 December 2015) https://www.afr.com/technology/government-blows-it-chance-with-equity-crowdfunding-laws-20151203-glelmr Asylum Seeker Resource Centre, Food Justice Truck (2016) https://www.asrc.org.au/foodjustice/ Australian Government, Crowd-sourced Equity Funding [2014] Discussion Paper. Australian Government, Crowd-sourced Equity Funding Report [2014] Corporations and Market Advisory Committee. Dennis Briintje and Oliver Gajda, Crowdfunding In Europe: State Of The Art In Theory And Practice (Springer, 2016) 55 Erin Brown, Crowdfunding in Australia: A viable alternative?(24 May 2016) mccabes https://www.mccabes.com.au/crowdfunding-australia-viable-alternative/. Kevin Lawton and Dan Maron, The Crowdfunding Revolution: How To Raise Venture Capital Using Social Media (Mcgraw Hill, 2013) 72 Legal Vision, What You Need To Know About Crowdfunding In 2016 (5 January 2016) https://legalvision.com.au/what-you-need-to-know-about-crowdfunding-in-2016/ Leigh Schulz and Domenic Mollica, The regulation of crowdfunding in Australia: where are we and whats to come?[2015] Australian Banking Finance Law Bulletin. Startupsmart.com, First Equity Crowdfunding Deal In Australia For 2016 Raises More Than $ 675000 (2 February 2016) https://www.startupsmart.com.au/advice/legal/first-equity-crowdfunding-deal-in-australia-for-2016-raises-more-than-675000/ Therese Torris, Global Crowdfunding Local Regulation: From Light Touch to Prescriptive Bespoke Rules (18 May 2016) Crowdfund Insider https://www.crowdfundinsider.com/2016/05/85762-global-crowdfunding-local-regulation-from-light-touch-to-prescriptive-bespoke-rules/ . Thomas Elliott Young, The Everything Guide To Crowdfunding (Adams Media, 2013) 14 James Bull and Harry New, New equity crowd-source funding (CSF) legislation (2015) (4) Butterworths Corporation Law Bulletin 7, 9.

Quotation and Research Notes Essay Example

Quotation and Research Notes Paper SPH107: Basic Public SpeakingDirections: Choose the answer that best completes Reading Quiz each of the following items. Mark your Chapter 6 answers on the answer sheet provided. |Which of the following is not a true statement? |Periodical databases _____. |As your textbook explains, when you locate an abstract of a |Catalog articles from a large number of journals and magazines | |magazine article using a computerized periodical index, you |Are valuable for locating materials in encyclopedias and other | |should feel free to cite the article in your speech on the basis |reference works | |of the abstract alone. Often provide abstracts of journal and magazine articles | |One of the advantages of using the Internet for research is that |A and c only | |you can locate information by conducting both subject searches | | |and keyword searches. |You are researching a speech and need to learn how the meaning of| |When taking research notes, it is important to make a distinction|the word â€Å"science† has changed historically. Which of the | |between direct quotations, paraphrases, and your own ideas. |following would be the best reference source to consult? | |None of the above |Roget’s Thesaurus | | |Encyclopedia Britannica | |Which of the following is a true statement? Oxford English Dictionary | |You can almost always count on the reliability of Internet |Bartlett’s Familiar Quotations | |research materials found through major search engines such as |Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary | |Goggle and Yahoo. | | |If you cannot identify the author of a document on the Internet, |According to your textbook, when quoting an Internet document | |you should try to determine the sponsoring organization for the |during a speech, a speaker should identify the _____. | |document. |Search aid to find the document | |If you use a tape recorder or a digital recorder in a research |Author of the document if the author’s name is known | |interview, you should keep it secret from the person being |Organization responsible for the document if the author’s name is| |interviewed. not known | |None of the above |B and c only | | | | |If you need to learn the number of Americans who own cell phones,|According to your textbook, when citing an Internet document in a| |which of the following would be the best source to consult? speech bibliography, you should include the _____. | |Encyclopedia Britannica |Date on which you accessed the document | |U. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Quotation and Research Notes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Quotation and Research Notes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Quotation and Research Notes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer News and World Report |Organization responsible for the document if the author’s name is| |Statistical Abstract of the United States |not known | |Webster’s Guide to Facts and Figures |URL of the document | |Social Sciences Index |All of the above | | |B and c only | |Ivan has decided to give his persuasive speech on stem-cell | | |research. Which of the following research tips discussed in your|Which of the following statements is not true? | |textbook should he keep in mind as he works on the speech? Your textbook states that a good guideline for preparing a | |Include a subject heading on each note |preliminary bibliography is to write a brief note on why the | |Put all the information from each source on a single note |source may be valuable for your speech. | |Use a different format for notes from Internet sources and |When taking research notes, take notes only when you are certain | |library documents |that you will use the information in your speech. | |All of the above |When taking research notes, it is important to distinguish among | |A and c only |direct quotations, paraphrases, and your own ideas. | |None of the above | |What are the three criteria discussed in your textbook for |All of the above | |assessing the soundness of documents found on the Internet? | | |Length, accuracy, and recency | | |Reliability, objectivity, and authorship | | |Authorship, sponsorship, and recency | | |Credibility, sponsorship, and accuracy | |