Blackberry vs Iphone

Abstract The aim of this research was to investigate which is the best smart phone brand between Blackberry and Iphone by measuring the effectiveness of both marketing mix; Product, Price, Place and Promotions. A theoretical framework has been constructed and the group chose to conduct an online survey; using the website that enables users to create their own web-survey, in order to acquire the needed data for this research. The results indicate that the best smart phone so far is Blackberry because their company marketing mixes have been greatly positioned in the people’s mind and preferences.The marketing mix is a business tools in marketing product. The marketing mix is often crucial when determining a product or brand’s unique selling point (the unique quality that differentiates a product from its competitors) and is often synonymous with the four P’s (Borden, Neil. 1960). It is recommend that the marketing mix implemented by Blackberry is the most effective for mobile phone industry; as well as the smart phone, and the strategy lies within it should be followed and exaggerated from time to time to capture the greater demand of consumers. . INTRODUCTION There has been a massive trend in the mobile industry over these past five years. But in developing countries like Malaysia, the trend has just arrived here a couple years back. Every people walk by and teenagers run through, all with their brand new smart phones. Laughter and joy have encountered their live since the existence of the smart phone. 1. History IBM Simon was designed in 1992 and shown as a concept product in a computer trade exhibition took place in Las Vegas, Nevada.It was published and sold by BellSouth in 1993, and besides being a mobile phone, it also contained a calendar, address book, world clock, calculator, note pad, e-mail client, the ability to send and receive  faxes, and games. It had no physical buttons, instead customers used a  touch screen  to select telephone numbers with a finger or create faxes and memos with an optional stylus. Text was entered with a unique on-screen â€Å"predictive† keyboard. The term smart phone was used when Ericsson introduced the concept phone, GS88 and it was the first device labeled ‘smart phone. The trend of smart phone has been a great business to mobile entrepreneurs to expand their product assortments and this opportunity has injected Malaysia’s economic to a very potential growth. Hence, it also drives the local entrepreneur to set up a franchise business from the top smart phone brand which is the essence of the development of mobile industry in Malaysia. The relatively stable prices of Smartphone’s averaging around $309 in the region will continue to drive the industry’s strong growth momentum.In Southeast Asia where smart phone penetration is still nowhere near saturation levels, we can be sure that the current sales spurt will carry on for at least the next few years (The Next. 04-30. 2012). On the other hand, Canadian Research in Motion Blackberry has taken the lead in the smart phone market and being positively challenged by Steve Job’s Apple Iphone, the American, and among the world biggest inventors in mobile and computer. Blackberry and Iphone became a tsunami in the trend of consuming smart phone.Each and every part of newspapers and billboards has the advertisements and promotions of both brand simultaneously, all the latest application came by; altogether with Blackberry and Iphone. People were shocked and hardly believed that they experiencing a major revolution in their communicating devices and since then, hundreds and thousands of people world-wide will queue to buy the new version of smart phone by Apple and Blackberry when it was released in the market. 1. 2 Background Responding to the tremendous wave of the smart phones, the group has initiated and conducted a research on two smart phone market leaders, Apple an d Blackberry.The research was in objective to find the ‘best of the best’ by measuring the effectiveness of both marketing mixes. The group investigated the strategy they used in delivering the product to the customers and capturing the people’s interests on it. The research was named as Iphone versus Blackberry: Marketing Mix, and by this research, the group learned how well they drove the industry by changing the people’s wants into needs. 1. 3 COMPANY BACKGROUND 1. 3. 1 SMARTPHONE BLACKBERRY Blackberry is a line of Smartphone device. It developed and designed by Canadian company Research in Motion (RIM) since 1999.The function of the Smartphone Blackberry is a personal digital assistant, internet browsers, gaming devices, portable media players and so on. Their ability to sent and achieve email and instant massages is the primarily for maintaining a high level of security thought on device massages encryption. The device supports a large variety of inst ant massaging features including Blackberry Messengers (BBM). The first Blackberry device was introduced as a two way pager in Germany since 1999. The name of Smartphone was coined by the marketing company Lexicon Branding.Smartphone Blackberry was released to support push the email, mobile telephone, text messaging, via internet faxing, web browsing and others wireless information services. This is an example of convergent device. The RIM 850 and 857 used the Data Tac network is the original Blackberry device. Smartphone Blackberry is the first made headway in the marketplace by concentrating by email. The Blackberry email service to non-Blackberry devices currently offers from RIM. For example is the Palm Treo; through its Blackberry connect software. The original device had a monochrome display, but all current models have color displays.All models had a built-in QWERTY keyboard, optimized for thumbing, the use of only the thumbs to type. The models are the all-touch Torch 9850/9 860 except for the Storm series. 1. 3. 2 SMARTPHONE IPHONE Iphone also one of part line of the Smartphone designed. The market is by Apple Inc and it was unveiled by Steve Job, the CEO of Apple on January 2007. The iPhone 4s; the generation 5th generation iPhone was announced on October 2011 and released 10 days later. The function in iPhone 4 is a touch screen slate Smartphone also develop by Apple Inc.It is particularly marketed for video calling, consumption of media such as books and periodicals, movies and games and also for general web and email access. It was released in United Kingdom, France, Germany and Japan. Apple Inc. announced about iPhone 4 on 2010 at San Francisco. It runs Apple’s iOS operating system, the same operating system as used on prior iPhones, the iPad and the iPod Touch. The mainly control by the user’s fingertips on the multi-touch display. It is sensitive to fingertip contact and the latest operating system release is iOS 5. 1.The new desig n, which incorporated a UN insulated stainless steel frame that acts as the device’s antenna is the most noticeable difference between the iPhone 4 and its predecessors. The internal components are situated between two panels of chemically strengthened alumina glass. It has an Apple A4 processor and 512 MB of eDRAM. It predeceases and four times that of the original iPhone. Its 3. 5-inch (89  mm)  LED backlit  liquid crystal display  with a 960? 640 pixel resolution is marketed as the â€Å"Retina Display†. 1. 4 SCOPE OF PROJECT The project is about the comparison of Marketing Mix between Apple Inc.Corperation and Blackberry Company from United States of American which both of pioneer leading inventors for ‘Smart Phone’ in the world. Thus, it is focused on the several chosen model of Smart phone introduced by both company based on the Tools of Marketing Mix; product, Price, Place and Promotion (4P’s) in which will be the measurement methods of the comparison. 1. 4. 1 Location 1. 3. 1. 1 The research is conducted in Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor and the respondent is estimated around 1000 to 2000 people. 1. 4. 2 Respondents segmentation: 1. 3. 2. 1 Numbers of respondents: 100 internet users 1. 3. 2. 2 Tools of research: 1. 3. 2. Researches are using 100% questionnaires via Internet Survey and not have other method. 1. 4. 2. 4 Microsoft Project used in structuring the Gantt chart. 1. 4. 3 Limitations of project: 1. 4. 3. 1 Website does not provide the required †¢ Groups were experiencing the difficulties in seeking the information about the company which the company’s websites does not prove the required information. 1. 4. 3. 3 Internal conflict †¢ Group members also caused negative effects on project from internal conflict †¢ For example, group cannot give the full commitment with other for find the information to collect the data in work project. . Objective of Project 1. Aim: Revealing the best bra nd for the consumer based on the Marketing Mix 2. Objective 1. Learning the fundamentals of project management. 2. Improving the studies on research methodology such as collecting information, interpreting data and conducting survey 3. Applying the teamwork theories while initiating the project. 6. Problem Statement / Research Question Marketing mix is a generally phase used to describe the different kinds choices organization have to in the whole process of bringing a product or service to market.The 4Ps is one way probably the best known way of defining the marketing mix and was first expressed. (1960, EMJ McCarthy) A problem faced by the marketing mix for Smartphone between BlackBerry and I phone. People want to know how companies can manage the marketing mix with competitor from 4 sides 4Ps. Firstly is services or product, people want to know the features does it have to meet these needs and there are any features they missed out or including costly features that the customer wo n’t actually used, how and where will the people use it.Secondly is about the place in marketing mix, people want more to know where do buyer look for the Smartphone product or services, the customer need used a sales force or attend the trade fairs or make online submission or others. For marketing mix in price, the problem statement people more to known what the value of the product or services to the buyer and what the offered to trade customer. At the last problem statement is marketing mix it is people want to know is about promotion, what the best promotion company used their Smartphone in the press or on TV, radio or internet and others. . Target User The purpose of this research was to examine which is the best smart phone brand between Blackberry and Apple I Phone based on the marketing mix of each product. Below are the people who were targeted on the research: 1. 7. 1 Blackberry and Apple I Phone users. †¢ Both smart phone brand users were the target user and also the respondents of this research. 1. 7. 2 Other smart phone users and future users. †¢ Besides both brand users, other brand and non- users were also became the target user as they also the target audience for the companies. 1. LITERATURE REVIEW 2. Definition of marketing mix 2. 2 4Ps Nowadays, the demands of new technology of smart phones become increasing from day to day. As the demands have been climbing up, all producers of the smart phones are compete with each other in producing the best products that meet the consumer’s demand. In this project paper, we are trying to explore on the element of marketing mix which are product, place, price and promotion of the smart phones produced by Apple and Blackberry. These two companies are well known as the prime producers of the smart phones because of their high technology.In link with that, this research is trying to focus on how the products affect the customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction is very important th ing to consider by the producers as it will affect the sale of the products and automatically increase the revenue. For Apple company, it is already known as the manufacturer of smart phones that manage to penetrates their products well into the market. Starting from the first model of Iphone, they finally capture the customer attention by their latest smart phone which is Iphone 4s. Blackberries also do not want to miss the opportunity to introduce their smart phones to the smart phones lovers.They have come out with the latest smart phones in order to fulfill the consumer’s needs and wants. How well their performance to attract the consumers to realize that their products exist in the market? This research will determine how well their marketing in promoting their products. Apple and Blackberry are known as the great company that come out with smart phones and certainly there are no other competitors can defeat them as their products and services are in the very good level of quality. There is a connection between service quality and customer satisfaction.If the service quality is in the very high level, there will be an increasing in customer satisfaction and it will keep the customer retention towards the products. As the example, Blackberry has produced variety of smart phones starting from Bold 1 until Bold 5 as well as the demand of the consumers whom wants the latest version on smart phones. The same things are happening to Apple Company which has produced their product series of Iphone and the latest one is Iphone 4s. This kind of situation shows that service quality plays an important role in adding up the customer satisfyHarvard Bureau of Business Research already did a research regarding marketing mix of food manufacturer in 1929. The primary objective of that research is to determine common figures of expenses for various marketing functions among food manufacturing companies. We are trying to do a kind of similar research paper on marketin g mix for Blackberry and Apple Iphone to see which types between product, place, promotion and price is more effective in selling the products. The list of four elements of 4p’s can be explained in more details.According to Borden, Neil H, the first element for product means what types of product lines that the company wants to offer. For example, the quality and design of certain product. Besides that, the new product policy should be considered too and research and development need to be done carefully. Secondly, is the place for selling the product. The manufacturer needs to consider the suitable place to sell their product so there will be no loss in the future. They need to determine where to put the product and make sure that the product can be accepted in that place. Next, promotion also is the most important element in marketing mix.Promotion is the hardest part for manufacturer to promote their products. Last but not least, price also plays an important role in marke ting mix. Price level must be determine whether it is suitable and affordable enough for the consumers to get the products. Marketing mix is related to the consumer’s buying behavior, the trade behavior, competition’s position and behavior, and also government’s behavior. Marketing mix need to be understanding well by the manufacturer as it has proved that it help as a device in teaching, business problem solving, and as an aid of thinking in marketing.In research process, there will be a tool that would help in gathering the findings. For this research, there are several methods that have been used in collecting the findings. Firstly, by using the questionnaire method. The questionnaires have been given to the 100 people in order to find out the answer on element of marketing mix and how the products affect the customer satisfaction. The interviewing method also be use to collect the information. The interviewing session is between the researcher and the Blackb erry and Apple Iphone seller around Selangor region. 3. 0 METHODOLOGYOur group had various method of using in the research. Among the method we used is questionnaire to get the response from people using Smartphone Blackberry and Iphone. It was distributing 100 questioners to people answer and get feedback as my research from their perception. Other else, our group also searching from internet for get much information and many examples about how many people using Smart Phone like Blackberry and Iphone in Malaysian and the questionnaire. In order that, we are always ask our lecturer Puan Hasnira as my lecturer the Group Project subject for monitoring.Other various we used of using in the research from interview a few friends using the Smart Phone at collage or out of collage and get the perception from this research. 1. SELECTION OF RESPONDENT †¢ For the selection of respondent we are used from both of Smartphone Apple Iphone and Blackberry brand users were the target user and a lso the respondents of this research. In order that, we are also used from other Smartphone user or future users, beside both brand users, other brand and non- users were also became the target user as they also the target audience for the companies. . Questionnaire In order that, the survey used by on internet for the questionnaire to promote our product. We passed the questionnaire based on Facebook, email and other else. Our group used the Survey Monkey for making the questionnaire and save all data and all answer from people. Used the survey on internet can make people to answer our questionnaire and helps makes success on survey. It’s easy to pass the questionnaire from survey buy internet. 3. Data Collection Study Besides that, have five parts on the questionnaire for making the question.Part A people answer the question based on thick the question and choose the answer based people choice. Part B is people should be underline the product are using and answer the questi on based on your product, also with part C and part E. Part D people should be thick the answer based on the box for answer the question. 4. PROJECT MANAGEMENT 1. WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE The approach of breaking down the work used by the group in prior to converge in developing a detailed list of the activities needed to execute this project . The figure below shows the group WBS for the project. pic] 2. COLLECTING THE INFORMATION 1. Collecting information The very first step in project executing. The information collected is all about the marketing mix for Apple and Blackberry. 2. Analyzing and dividing information The information collected is being analyze and divided. 3. Gathering output The information that have been analyze are collected together to find out the results or findings 4. Moderation The process of arranging and gathering the collected data. 3. CONDUCTING INTERVIEW 1. Conducting interview Interview is the next process after information have been collected.The inter view approaches is using to gather the information from the respondent. In this case, the respondent is the salesperson of Apple and Blackberry phones. 2. Analyze requirement The process of analyzing the requirement needed to identify the types of information gathered. 3. Investigating information The next process in work breakdown structure. The information gathered must be investigate to find the results. 4. Gathering output The last step is gathering the output or the information get from the interview session and arrange in correct order. 4. SURVEY 1. SurveyThe survey is carry out in Bandar Baru Bangi where the expected respondent is the most. 2. Endorsement of questionnaires The questionnaires prepared are distributed to the target respondent in Bandar Baru Bangi. 3. Intepreting information The process of translating the data into useful information 4. Moderation The process of arranging the data collected. 5. 0 FINDING AND ANALYSIS PHONE’S BRAND USER [pic] Figure 5. 1 e xplain how many people using the brands of Smartphone between genders. For male using the Smartphone Iphone is 8%, Blackberry 26% and for Non-user Smartphone is 7%.In order that genders for female using the Smartphone Iphone are 9%, Blackberry 38% and Non-user Smartphone is 12%. The higher user using Smartphone Blackberry for female and male. OCCUPATION [pic] Figure 5. 2 explain the monthly income in occupation user for the Smartphone. Monthly income below RM1000 is using the Smartphone start from student, the higher using then Smartphone is 46%, Blue Collar Worker and White Collar Worker is 2%. For monthly income around RM1000-RM3000 for student is 2%, Blue Collar Worker is 25 and White Collar is 8%.In order that for monthly income RM300 and above more to Blue Collar Worker 5% and White Collar Worker is 11%. WHAT DO YOU THINK OF THE PHONE? [pic] Figure 5. 3 explain what people think about the brands of users. Firstly for it’s a new product the user of Iphone is 8%, Blackberr y is 12% and Non-user Smartphone is 3%. Iphone user said the think of the phone is 7%, blackberry is 28% and Non-user is 2% and lastly is about because a lot of people are using it for user Iphone is 2%, Blackberry is 24% and Non-user Smartphone is 14%. Many users Blackberry in this Bar Chart.WHY DO YOU CHOOSE THE PHONE? [pic] Figure 5. 4 explain why people choose the Smartphone. The user Non-user 4%, Blackberry 18% and Iphone 3% choose because the phone suits with their preferences. In order that, 5% for Non-user, 23% for Blackberry and 7% for Iphone choose the phone cause of they are like the features. And lastly because of the new trend, Smartphone Iphone support 7%, Blackberry 23% and Non-user is 10%. DO YOU THINK THAT THE PRICE OF YOUR PRODUCT IS REASONABLE? [pic] Bar Chart explains what people think the price in product is reasonable for Smartphone.Have 7% support yes and no from neither. In order that, from Smartphone Blackberry had 63% said yes and 5% said no. Smartphone Iph one 26% said the price is reasonable and 2% is not accepting the price is reasonable. DO YOU KNOW THE LATEST PROMOTION OFFERED ON THE PHONE? [pic] Figure 5. 6 explain how many people know the promotion latest in advertisement offered on the Smartphone. For television have 14% said yes, 4% said no and 1% did not hear new promotions. Radio, only 3% said yes. Internet, 45% said yes, 2% said no and did not hear the promotions.Newspaper, 18% said yes, 3% said no and 1% said did not hear new promotions. And last people know the latest promotion on banner, 5% said yes and only 1% said no. the higher people know the latest promotion on internet. WHAT IS YOUR OPINION TOWARDS THE PHONE? [pic] Figure 5. 7 explain about what opinion of people towards the phone choose. The first opinion its had 5% it is a they are don’t think that the phone is the best in market for now, also 18% people give the opinion is they are certainly hope that there is more new model to come .In order that had oth ers such as their own opinion support 9% and the higher opinion from people its 77%, they are said the phone they are used is the best phone so far. WHICH ONE DO YOU FEEL THAT IT IS WORTH TO OWN EVEN THOUGH IT COSTS? [pic] Pie chart in Figure 5. 8 explains about which one people feel that it is worth to own even thought it costs? Have 16% people feel that IPhone it worth to their own even though it costs than BlackBerry it’s 84%. I KNOW THE NEAREST OUTLET THAT SELLS THE PHONE. [pic] Figure 5. 9 explain about how many people nearest outlet that sells the phone.And the result its 23% said disagree about nearest the outlet, 4% said neutral and the higher it’s 73% people said agree about the people know the nearest outlet that sell the phone. And many people agree about that. I FIND IT IS HARD FOR ME TO GO TO THE OULET BECAUSE IT IS NOT STRATEGICALLY LOCATED. [pic] Figure 6. 0 explain that people how to easy people go to the outlet because it is not strategically located. The result is 10% people agree the located it not good strategies, 29% said that are neutral and the higher said 61% people said disagree about the located it’s not strategies.I LIKE TO GO TO THE OUTLET TO CHECK OUT NEW MODEL BECAUSE THE OUTLET IS VERY ACCOMMODATING AND THE SERVICE IS EXCELLENT. [pic] Figure 6. 1 explain how many people agree or disagree with like to go the outlet to check out new model because the outlet is very accommodating and the service is excellent. 15% neutral, in order that 29% it’s agreed and the higher like to go the outlet to check out new model is disagree 56%. DO YOU THINK THAT THE ADVERTISEMENT BY THE COMPANY ALERTED YOU ON THE EXISTENCE OF THE PHONE? [pic] Figure 6. 2 explain what people thing about the advertisement by the company alerted on the existence of the phone?People alert the existence of the phone is 70% said yes, that mean people said yes is higher. Second is 22% people said not entirely the company alert on the existence of the phone and lastly is 8%% people said no. 6. RECOMMENDATION Based on the research findings, Apple and Blackberry should improve their marketing strategy that focus on these four elements: product, place, price and promotion. The manufacturer must determine what product that fit the customer’s need and wants. The product produced need to satisfy the customer’s demand so that they can generate more profit rather than losses.In view of place, the Apple and Blackberry companies should have a detail research to sell their products well. The wrong place can affects the sales of products. Pricing also plays an important role in selling the goods. The price need to match with the target prospect’s income and affordable to own. Last but not least, promotion is the part of a good marketing process. Without promotion, even greatest products can’t be penetrated well into the market. 7. CONCLUSION The conclusion was that our research Smartphone would last the longe st in the entire device the tested. Our conclusion do support from our research paper.What we think that the research we are went smoothly and can handle any problem we have, except for the fact that the respondent in our survey it’s not satisfaction because it is not running fast in something. Therefore, we had to take measurements quickly. An interesting future for our research might involve testing about our research and marketing mix in Smartphone Blackberry and Apple IPhone to stimulate actual customer using is higher or lower in marketing mix plan. 8. REFFERENCES Abkowitz Alyssa. Hempel Jessi. Thai, Kim. How Blackberry Does It. (2009). Fortune 160,(4), pg. 92-100. Retired October 2009, from BusinessSources Complete Anderson, Thomas M. What You Need to Know About Smartphones 2. 0. (2009). Kiplinger’s Personal Finance, 63, (11), pg. 79. Retrieved October 2009, from Business Source Complete. Canadian company Research In Motion (RIM) since 1999. [2]. managementparadi se. com/forums/marketing- management/209000-marketing-mix-blackberry. html. Cleverly Simple. (2009). Economist, 392, (8651), pg. 80-81. Retrieved October 2009, from Business Source Complete. Datamonitor: Apple Inc. (2009). Apple Inc. SWOT Analysis, p. 1-11. Retrieved October 2009, From Digital Daily – John Paczkowski – IPhones Desire Drive (2010). Blackberry vs Iphone Abstract The aim of this research was to investigate which is the best smart phone brand between Blackberry and Iphone by measuring the effectiveness of both marketing mix; Product, Price, Place and Promotions. A theoretical framework has been constructed and the group chose to conduct an online survey; using the website that enables users to create their own web-survey, in order to acquire the needed data for this research. The results indicate that the best smart phone so far is Blackberry because their company marketing mixes have been greatly positioned in the people’s mind and preferences.The marketing mix is a business tools in marketing product. The marketing mix is often crucial when determining a product or brand’s unique selling point (the unique quality that differentiates a product from its competitors) and is often synonymous with the four P’s (Borden, Neil. 1960). It is recommend that the marketing mix implemented by Blackberry is the most effective for mobile phone industry; as well as the smart phone, and the strategy lies within it should be followed and exaggerated from time to time to capture the greater demand of consumers. . INTRODUCTION There has been a massive trend in the mobile industry over these past five years. But in developing countries like Malaysia, the trend has just arrived here a couple years back. Every people walk by and teenagers run through, all with their brand new smart phones. Laughter and joy have encountered their live since the existence of the smart phone. 1. History IBM Simon was designed in 1992 and shown as a concept product in a computer trade exhibition took place in Las Vegas, Nevada.It was published and sold by BellSouth in 1993, and besides being a mobile phone, it also contained a calendar, address book, world clock, calculator, note pad, e-mail client, the ability to send and receive  faxes, and games. It had no physical buttons, instead customers used a  touch screen  to select telephone numbers with a finger or create faxes and memos with an optional stylus. Text was entered with a unique on-screen â€Å"predictive† keyboard. The term smart phone was used when Ericsson introduced the concept phone, GS88 and it was the first device labeled ‘smart phone. The trend of smart phone has been a great business to mobile entrepreneurs to expand their product assortments and this opportunity has injected Malaysia’s economic to a very potential growth. Hence, it also drives the local entrepreneur to set up a franchise business from the top smart phone brand which is the essence of the development of mobile industry in Malaysia. The relatively stable prices of Smartphone’s averaging around $309 in the region will continue to drive the industry’s strong growth momentum.In Southeast Asia where smart phone penetration is still nowhere near saturation levels, we can be sure that the current sales spurt will carry on for at least the next few years (The Next. 04-30. 2012). On the other hand, Canadian Research in Motion Blackberry has taken the lead in the smart phone market and being positively challenged by Steve Job’s Apple Iphone, the American, and among the world biggest inventors in mobile and computer. Blackberry and Iphone became a tsunami in the trend of consuming smart phone.Each and every part of newspapers and billboards has the advertisements and promotions of both brand simultaneously, all the latest application came by; altogether with Blackberry and Iphone. People were shocked and hardly believed that they experiencing a major revolution in their communicating devices and since then, hundreds and thousands of people world-wide will queue to buy the new version of smart phone by Apple and Blackberry when it was released in the market. 1. 2 Background Responding to the tremendous wave of the smart phones, the group has initiated and conducted a research on two smart phone market leaders, Apple an d Blackberry.The research was in objective to find the ‘best of the best’ by measuring the effectiveness of both marketing mixes. The group investigated the strategy they used in delivering the product to the customers and capturing the people’s interests on it. The research was named as Iphone versus Blackberry: Marketing Mix, and by this research, the group learned how well they drove the industry by changing the people’s wants into needs. 1. 3 COMPANY BACKGROUND 1. 3. 1 SMARTPHONE BLACKBERRY Blackberry is a line of Smartphone device. It developed and designed by Canadian company Research in Motion (RIM) since 1999.The function of the Smartphone Blackberry is a personal digital assistant, internet browsers, gaming devices, portable media players and so on. Their ability to sent and achieve email and instant massages is the primarily for maintaining a high level of security thought on device massages encryption. The device supports a large variety of inst ant massaging features including Blackberry Messengers (BBM). The first Blackberry device was introduced as a two way pager in Germany since 1999. The name of Smartphone was coined by the marketing company Lexicon Branding.Smartphone Blackberry was released to support push the email, mobile telephone, text messaging, via internet faxing, web browsing and others wireless information services. This is an example of convergent device. The RIM 850 and 857 used the Data Tac network is the original Blackberry device. Smartphone Blackberry is the first made headway in the marketplace by concentrating by email. The Blackberry email service to non-Blackberry devices currently offers from RIM. For example is the Palm Treo; through its Blackberry connect software. The original device had a monochrome display, but all current models have color displays.All models had a built-in QWERTY keyboard, optimized for thumbing, the use of only the thumbs to type. The models are the all-touch Torch 9850/9 860 except for the Storm series. 1. 3. 2 SMARTPHONE IPHONE Iphone also one of part line of the Smartphone designed. The market is by Apple Inc and it was unveiled by Steve Job, the CEO of Apple on January 2007. The iPhone 4s; the generation 5th generation iPhone was announced on October 2011 and released 10 days later. The function in iPhone 4 is a touch screen slate Smartphone also develop by Apple Inc.It is particularly marketed for video calling, consumption of media such as books and periodicals, movies and games and also for general web and email access. It was released in United Kingdom, France, Germany and Japan. Apple Inc. announced about iPhone 4 on 2010 at San Francisco. It runs Apple’s iOS operating system, the same operating system as used on prior iPhones, the iPad and the iPod Touch. The mainly control by the user’s fingertips on the multi-touch display. It is sensitive to fingertip contact and the latest operating system release is iOS 5. 1.The new desig n, which incorporated a UN insulated stainless steel frame that acts as the device’s antenna is the most noticeable difference between the iPhone 4 and its predecessors. The internal components are situated between two panels of chemically strengthened alumina glass. It has an Apple A4 processor and 512 MB of eDRAM. It predeceases and four times that of the original iPhone. Its 3. 5-inch (89  mm)  LED backlit  liquid crystal display  with a 960? 640 pixel resolution is marketed as the â€Å"Retina Display†. 1. 4 SCOPE OF PROJECT The project is about the comparison of Marketing Mix between Apple Inc.Corperation and Blackberry Company from United States of American which both of pioneer leading inventors for ‘Smart Phone’ in the world. Thus, it is focused on the several chosen model of Smart phone introduced by both company based on the Tools of Marketing Mix; product, Price, Place and Promotion (4P’s) in which will be the measurement methods of the comparison. 1. 4. 1 Location 1. 3. 1. 1 The research is conducted in Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor and the respondent is estimated around 1000 to 2000 people. 1. 4. 2 Respondents segmentation: 1. 3. 2. 1 Numbers of respondents: 100 internet users 1. 3. 2. 2 Tools of research: 1. 3. 2. Researches are using 100% questionnaires via Internet Survey and not have other method. 1. 4. 2. 4 Microsoft Project used in structuring the Gantt chart. 1. 4. 3 Limitations of project: 1. 4. 3. 1 Website does not provide the required †¢ Groups were experiencing the difficulties in seeking the information about the company which the company’s websites does not prove the required information. 1. 4. 3. 3 Internal conflict †¢ Group members also caused negative effects on project from internal conflict †¢ For example, group cannot give the full commitment with other for find the information to collect the data in work project. . Objective of Project 1. Aim: Revealing the best bra nd for the consumer based on the Marketing Mix 2. Objective 1. Learning the fundamentals of project management. 2. Improving the studies on research methodology such as collecting information, interpreting data and conducting survey 3. Applying the teamwork theories while initiating the project. 6. Problem Statement / Research Question Marketing mix is a generally phase used to describe the different kinds choices organization have to in the whole process of bringing a product or service to market.The 4Ps is one way probably the best known way of defining the marketing mix and was first expressed. (1960, EMJ McCarthy) A problem faced by the marketing mix for Smartphone between BlackBerry and I phone. People want to know how companies can manage the marketing mix with competitor from 4 sides 4Ps. Firstly is services or product, people want to know the features does it have to meet these needs and there are any features they missed out or including costly features that the customer wo n’t actually used, how and where will the people use it.Secondly is about the place in marketing mix, people want more to know where do buyer look for the Smartphone product or services, the customer need used a sales force or attend the trade fairs or make online submission or others. For marketing mix in price, the problem statement people more to known what the value of the product or services to the buyer and what the offered to trade customer. At the last problem statement is marketing mix it is people want to know is about promotion, what the best promotion company used their Smartphone in the press or on TV, radio or internet and others. . Target User The purpose of this research was to examine which is the best smart phone brand between Blackberry and Apple I Phone based on the marketing mix of each product. Below are the people who were targeted on the research: 1. 7. 1 Blackberry and Apple I Phone users. †¢ Both smart phone brand users were the target user and also the respondents of this research. 1. 7. 2 Other smart phone users and future users. †¢ Besides both brand users, other brand and non- users were also became the target user as they also the target audience for the companies. 1. LITERATURE REVIEW 2. Definition of marketing mix 2. 2 4Ps Nowadays, the demands of new technology of smart phones become increasing from day to day. As the demands have been climbing up, all producers of the smart phones are compete with each other in producing the best products that meet the consumer’s demand. In this project paper, we are trying to explore on the element of marketing mix which are product, place, price and promotion of the smart phones produced by Apple and Blackberry. These two companies are well known as the prime producers of the smart phones because of their high technology.In link with that, this research is trying to focus on how the products affect the customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction is very important th ing to consider by the producers as it will affect the sale of the products and automatically increase the revenue. For Apple company, it is already known as the manufacturer of smart phones that manage to penetrates their products well into the market. Starting from the first model of Iphone, they finally capture the customer attention by their latest smart phone which is Iphone 4s. Blackberries also do not want to miss the opportunity to introduce their smart phones to the smart phones lovers.They have come out with the latest smart phones in order to fulfill the consumer’s needs and wants. How well their performance to attract the consumers to realize that their products exist in the market? This research will determine how well their marketing in promoting their products. Apple and Blackberry are known as the great company that come out with smart phones and certainly there are no other competitors can defeat them as their products and services are in the very good level of quality. There is a connection between service quality and customer satisfaction.If the service quality is in the very high level, there will be an increasing in customer satisfaction and it will keep the customer retention towards the products. As the example, Blackberry has produced variety of smart phones starting from Bold 1 until Bold 5 as well as the demand of the consumers whom wants the latest version on smart phones. The same things are happening to Apple Company which has produced their product series of Iphone and the latest one is Iphone 4s. This kind of situation shows that service quality plays an important role in adding up the customer satisfyHarvard Bureau of Business Research already did a research regarding marketing mix of food manufacturer in 1929. The primary objective of that research is to determine common figures of expenses for various marketing functions among food manufacturing companies. We are trying to do a kind of similar research paper on marketin g mix for Blackberry and Apple Iphone to see which types between product, place, promotion and price is more effective in selling the products. The list of four elements of 4p’s can be explained in more details.According to Borden, Neil H, the first element for product means what types of product lines that the company wants to offer. For example, the quality and design of certain product. Besides that, the new product policy should be considered too and research and development need to be done carefully. Secondly, is the place for selling the product. The manufacturer needs to consider the suitable place to sell their product so there will be no loss in the future. They need to determine where to put the product and make sure that the product can be accepted in that place. Next, promotion also is the most important element in marketing mix.Promotion is the hardest part for manufacturer to promote their products. Last but not least, price also plays an important role in marke ting mix. Price level must be determine whether it is suitable and affordable enough for the consumers to get the products. Marketing mix is related to the consumer’s buying behavior, the trade behavior, competition’s position and behavior, and also government’s behavior. Marketing mix need to be understanding well by the manufacturer as it has proved that it help as a device in teaching, business problem solving, and as an aid of thinking in marketing.In research process, there will be a tool that would help in gathering the findings. For this research, there are several methods that have been used in collecting the findings. Firstly, by using the questionnaire method. The questionnaires have been given to the 100 people in order to find out the answer on element of marketing mix and how the products affect the customer satisfaction. The interviewing method also be use to collect the information. The interviewing session is between the researcher and the Blackb erry and Apple Iphone seller around Selangor region. 3. 0 METHODOLOGYOur group had various method of using in the research. Among the method we used is questionnaire to get the response from people using Smartphone Blackberry and Iphone. It was distributing 100 questioners to people answer and get feedback as my research from their perception. Other else, our group also searching from internet for get much information and many examples about how many people using Smart Phone like Blackberry and Iphone in Malaysian and the questionnaire. In order that, we are always ask our lecturer Puan Hasnira as my lecturer the Group Project subject for monitoring.Other various we used of using in the research from interview a few friends using the Smart Phone at collage or out of collage and get the perception from this research. 1. SELECTION OF RESPONDENT †¢ For the selection of respondent we are used from both of Smartphone Apple Iphone and Blackberry brand users were the target user and a lso the respondents of this research. In order that, we are also used from other Smartphone user or future users, beside both brand users, other brand and non- users were also became the target user as they also the target audience for the companies. . Questionnaire In order that, the survey used by on internet for the questionnaire to promote our product. We passed the questionnaire based on Facebook, email and other else. Our group used the Survey Monkey for making the questionnaire and save all data and all answer from people. Used the survey on internet can make people to answer our questionnaire and helps makes success on survey. It’s easy to pass the questionnaire from survey buy internet. 3. Data Collection Study Besides that, have five parts on the questionnaire for making the question.Part A people answer the question based on thick the question and choose the answer based people choice. Part B is people should be underline the product are using and answer the questi on based on your product, also with part C and part E. Part D people should be thick the answer based on the box for answer the question. 4. PROJECT MANAGEMENT 1. WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE The approach of breaking down the work used by the group in prior to converge in developing a detailed list of the activities needed to execute this project . The figure below shows the group WBS for the project. pic] 2. COLLECTING THE INFORMATION 1. Collecting information The very first step in project executing. The information collected is all about the marketing mix for Apple and Blackberry. 2. Analyzing and dividing information The information collected is being analyze and divided. 3. Gathering output The information that have been analyze are collected together to find out the results or findings 4. Moderation The process of arranging and gathering the collected data. 3. CONDUCTING INTERVIEW 1. Conducting interview Interview is the next process after information have been collected.The inter view approaches is using to gather the information from the respondent. In this case, the respondent is the salesperson of Apple and Blackberry phones. 2. Analyze requirement The process of analyzing the requirement needed to identify the types of information gathered. 3. Investigating information The next process in work breakdown structure. The information gathered must be investigate to find the results. 4. Gathering output The last step is gathering the output or the information get from the interview session and arrange in correct order. 4. SURVEY 1. SurveyThe survey is carry out in Bandar Baru Bangi where the expected respondent is the most. 2. Endorsement of questionnaires The questionnaires prepared are distributed to the target respondent in Bandar Baru Bangi. 3. Intepreting information The process of translating the data into useful information 4. Moderation The process of arranging the data collected. 5. 0 FINDING AND ANALYSIS PHONE’S BRAND USER [pic] Figure 5. 1 e xplain how many people using the brands of Smartphone between genders. For male using the Smartphone Iphone is 8%, Blackberry 26% and for Non-user Smartphone is 7%.In order that genders for female using the Smartphone Iphone are 9%, Blackberry 38% and Non-user Smartphone is 12%. The higher user using Smartphone Blackberry for female and male. OCCUPATION [pic] Figure 5. 2 explain the monthly income in occupation user for the Smartphone. Monthly income below RM1000 is using the Smartphone start from student, the higher using then Smartphone is 46%, Blue Collar Worker and White Collar Worker is 2%. For monthly income around RM1000-RM3000 for student is 2%, Blue Collar Worker is 25 and White Collar is 8%.In order that for monthly income RM300 and above more to Blue Collar Worker 5% and White Collar Worker is 11%. WHAT DO YOU THINK OF THE PHONE? [pic] Figure 5. 3 explain what people think about the brands of users. Firstly for it’s a new product the user of Iphone is 8%, Blackberr y is 12% and Non-user Smartphone is 3%. Iphone user said the think of the phone is 7%, blackberry is 28% and Non-user is 2% and lastly is about because a lot of people are using it for user Iphone is 2%, Blackberry is 24% and Non-user Smartphone is 14%. Many users Blackberry in this Bar Chart.WHY DO YOU CHOOSE THE PHONE? [pic] Figure 5. 4 explain why people choose the Smartphone. The user Non-user 4%, Blackberry 18% and Iphone 3% choose because the phone suits with their preferences. In order that, 5% for Non-user, 23% for Blackberry and 7% for Iphone choose the phone cause of they are like the features. And lastly because of the new trend, Smartphone Iphone support 7%, Blackberry 23% and Non-user is 10%. DO YOU THINK THAT THE PRICE OF YOUR PRODUCT IS REASONABLE? [pic] Bar Chart explains what people think the price in product is reasonable for Smartphone.Have 7% support yes and no from neither. In order that, from Smartphone Blackberry had 63% said yes and 5% said no. Smartphone Iph one 26% said the price is reasonable and 2% is not accepting the price is reasonable. DO YOU KNOW THE LATEST PROMOTION OFFERED ON THE PHONE? [pic] Figure 5. 6 explain how many people know the promotion latest in advertisement offered on the Smartphone. For television have 14% said yes, 4% said no and 1% did not hear new promotions. Radio, only 3% said yes. Internet, 45% said yes, 2% said no and did not hear the promotions.Newspaper, 18% said yes, 3% said no and 1% said did not hear new promotions. And last people know the latest promotion on banner, 5% said yes and only 1% said no. the higher people know the latest promotion on internet. WHAT IS YOUR OPINION TOWARDS THE PHONE? [pic] Figure 5. 7 explain about what opinion of people towards the phone choose. The first opinion its had 5% it is a they are don’t think that the phone is the best in market for now, also 18% people give the opinion is they are certainly hope that there is more new model to come .In order that had oth ers such as their own opinion support 9% and the higher opinion from people its 77%, they are said the phone they are used is the best phone so far. WHICH ONE DO YOU FEEL THAT IT IS WORTH TO OWN EVEN THOUGH IT COSTS? [pic] Pie chart in Figure 5. 8 explains about which one people feel that it is worth to own even thought it costs? Have 16% people feel that IPhone it worth to their own even though it costs than BlackBerry it’s 84%. I KNOW THE NEAREST OUTLET THAT SELLS THE PHONE. [pic] Figure 5. 9 explain about how many people nearest outlet that sells the phone.And the result its 23% said disagree about nearest the outlet, 4% said neutral and the higher it’s 73% people said agree about the people know the nearest outlet that sell the phone. And many people agree about that. I FIND IT IS HARD FOR ME TO GO TO THE OULET BECAUSE IT IS NOT STRATEGICALLY LOCATED. [pic] Figure 6. 0 explain that people how to easy people go to the outlet because it is not strategically located. The result is 10% people agree the located it not good strategies, 29% said that are neutral and the higher said 61% people said disagree about the located it’s not strategies.I LIKE TO GO TO THE OUTLET TO CHECK OUT NEW MODEL BECAUSE THE OUTLET IS VERY ACCOMMODATING AND THE SERVICE IS EXCELLENT. [pic] Figure 6. 1 explain how many people agree or disagree with like to go the outlet to check out new model because the outlet is very accommodating and the service is excellent. 15% neutral, in order that 29% it’s agreed and the higher like to go the outlet to check out new model is disagree 56%. DO YOU THINK THAT THE ADVERTISEMENT BY THE COMPANY ALERTED YOU ON THE EXISTENCE OF THE PHONE? [pic] Figure 6. 2 explain what people thing about the advertisement by the company alerted on the existence of the phone?People alert the existence of the phone is 70% said yes, that mean people said yes is higher. Second is 22% people said not entirely the company alert on the existence of the phone and lastly is 8%% people said no. 6. RECOMMENDATION Based on the research findings, Apple and Blackberry should improve their marketing strategy that focus on these four elements: product, place, price and promotion. The manufacturer must determine what product that fit the customer’s need and wants. The product produced need to satisfy the customer’s demand so that they can generate more profit rather than losses.In view of place, the Apple and Blackberry companies should have a detail research to sell their products well. The wrong place can affects the sales of products. Pricing also plays an important role in selling the goods. The price need to match with the target prospect’s income and affordable to own. Last but not least, promotion is the part of a good marketing process. Without promotion, even greatest products can’t be penetrated well into the market. 7. CONCLUSION The conclusion was that our research Smartphone would last the longe st in the entire device the tested. Our conclusion do support from our research paper.What we think that the research we are went smoothly and can handle any problem we have, except for the fact that the respondent in our survey it’s not satisfaction because it is not running fast in something. Therefore, we had to take measurements quickly. An interesting future for our research might involve testing about our research and marketing mix in Smartphone Blackberry and Apple IPhone to stimulate actual customer using is higher or lower in marketing mix plan. 8. REFFERENCES Abkowitz Alyssa. Hempel Jessi. Thai, Kim. How Blackberry Does It. (2009). Fortune 160,(4), pg. 92-100. Retired October 2009, from BusinessSources Complete Anderson, Thomas M. What You Need to Know About Smartphones 2. 0. (2009). Kiplinger’s Personal Finance, 63, (11), pg. 79. Retrieved October 2009, from Business Source Complete. Canadian company Research In Motion (RIM) since 1999. [2]. managementparadi se. com/forums/marketing- management/209000-marketing-mix-blackberry. html. Cleverly Simple. (2009). Economist, 392, (8651), pg. 80-81. Retrieved October 2009, from Business Source Complete. Datamonitor: Apple Inc. (2009). Apple Inc. SWOT Analysis, p. 1-11. Retrieved October 2009, From Digital Daily – John Paczkowski – IPhones Desire Drive (2010).

Show Some Respect

Show Some Respect Michel de Montaigne once said, â€Å"There is, nevertheless, a certain respect and a general duty of humanity that ties us, not only to beasts that have life and sense, but even to trees and plants† (Foglia). Respect is the catalyst in the formation of a stepping stone on the path through the forest of life, creating bonds with all living creatures along the way. It is through respect that the other six of the seven teachings are formed. Instilled in the youth of my time, or at least in my family, is to always be respectful towards all elders. This is something that today’s youth has let fade into the past.It is heart wrenching to see elders being bad mouthed, ignored, and treated so cruelly. I was always taught to listen to what my elders were offering me in advice, even if I didn’t want it. I never once dared to talk back. If you respect your elders, take the time to listen. You’ll be truly inspired as you hear their stories of long ago . Elders hold so much wisdom of the past, we can learn from them on how to better our future as people and caretakers of mother earth. Croaker 2 That being said, respect can also be defined in how we treat Mother Earth. Taking the time to recycle is one way of showing respect to her.It’s really sad to see all the garbage being buried beneath her surface. Mother Earth is not a dumping ground, she’s a birthing ground. Every spring she gives birth to new life to shed more beauty upon us. From the first flower breaking the surface to the greening of the trees. She welcomes in not only the human births, but the births of animals as well. That alone deserves the utmost respect, so let’s do our part and keep her clean. â€Å"Respect yourself and take good care of yourself† (Using the Seven Traditional Teachings to Raise Healthy Anishinaabe Children 18).This is the first step in defining what respect is. How do you treat yourself? Do you ask for help when you nee d it or do you proceed alone? Questions purposely left unanswered because it’s too hard to face the fact that they lost respect for themselves. People are constantly disrespecting their bodies by abusing drugs and alcohol. Maybe that’s why most won’t look in the mirror. They are too afraid they won’t like what they see because they lost all respect for their spirit to thrive. Because of this I see the pain emanating from the eyes of our precious elders as they watch our youth commit cultural genocide.Mashkode-bizhiki, translated into English from the Ojibwe language means buffalo. I do not know exactly why our people chose this animal to represent respect in the seven teachings. However, I believe their paths have been intertwined with the Anishinaabe people because together they endured the tests of time. They had to go survive harsh winter conditions without the luxury of electricity to keep them warm at night. They were also slaughtered senselessly by Croaker 3 the white man as they took their lands from them. Here we are today, still standing strong but fewer in numbers just like the mashkode-bizhiki.If the path through the forest of life was marked with stones that represented each one of our sacred seven teachings, the stone of respect would begin the path. The next teachings would then follow. Because, respect forms all other teachings that assists in the formation of bonds with all living creatures as well. Works Cited: Foglia, Marc. â€Å"Michel De Montaigne. † Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 18 Aug 2004. Web. 21 Jan 2013. . â€Å"Using the Seven Teachings to Raise Healthy Anishinaabe Children. † Booklet. 18. print

Diamond Model of Porter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 11

Diamond Model of Porter - Essay Example This paper illustrates that Porter was able to introduce the diamond model of national competitive advantage for purposes of providing an explanation on the reasons which make a number of countries to be more competitive, in comparison to other countries. Furthermore, this model was introduced for purposes of providing an explanation of the reasons that make a variety of business systems within a particular economy to be more competitive. This model, developed by Porter gives a proposal that the national home base of a given industry plays a crucial task in achieving a competitive advantage on a wide scale. This home base, of the given industry, would make a contribution on some essential factors that will help in supporting the business systems within the industry, to build an effective and efficient strategy that can help them compete efficiently on a global perspective. Porter manages to identify four major determinants that play a role in making a country to achieve a national co mpetitive advantage. He thereafter makes a conclusion that by combining these four determinants within a given economy or country, then, they would provide a big influence on the competitive ability of the business systems that are located within the economy under consideration. In defending his points, Porter explains that a competitive industry would take the nature of a specialized cluster of industries that are found at home. These clusters are able to correlate with each other through vertical relations. Examples include managing to integrate with suppliers. Clusters are also able to correlate with each other, through horizontal relations. Horizontal relationships normally occur through distribution channels, technology, skills, and customers. Through these specialized clusters, Porter explains that a given economy would manage to develop a business system that has the capability of achieving a competitive advantage over its rivals, hence leading to economic success. The automo bile industry of Japan and the semiconductor industry of United States to the diamond model of Porter.

Cooperative Systems (Evolution of Management Class) Essay

Cooperative Systems (Evolution of Management Class) - Essay Example There should be communication links between management and employees. Each and every employee should be regarded as an individual and his individual requirements should be identified and fulfilled in order to motivate him to work jointly with his coworkers for the organizational goals. The organization is a cooperative structure where each employee’s requirements are satisfied. According to Bernard, the management of an organization has the responsibility to make sure that employees are prepared to recognize the organizational goals as their joint goals so that they can support the organization jointly. Employees’ individual motives should be associated with organizational goals. Therefore, employees’ satisfaction and organizational goals are linked to one another and cannot be accessed without each other’s assistance. The managements of the organizations, which are functional nowadays, have to keep the principle of employee satisfaction within their view as it is quite relevant for running successful organizations. The managers are required to keep comprehensible links with their employees so that they are well aware of each other’s requirements.

Who is responsible for the Great Depression Essay

Who is responsible for the Great Depression - Essay Example (Heinrichs, 2012) Whether this was unprecedented or not, it is undeniable that great depression affected the world. It never practiced discretion; it affected both individual and companies. This paper holds that there are a number of factors that were responsible for the recession that affected the globe. This paper refutes the notion that has been put by other economists that President Hebert Hoover was responsible for the economic recession and its impacts. The economic crisis of 1930 is attributed to a myriad of intertwined complex factors. One of the common factors that is that there was over speculation in the stock market that was not regulated by the responsible authorities. The American stock market fell in 1929 and is often regarded as one of the great reasons of depression. The crash was preceded with period when the people of America discovered the stock market. The crash resulted into a serious loss of the individual and companies investments. Investors were left shaken given that the stock market brought a lot of excitement that drove most people to put their money into the economy. People were completed shattered when the banks erased the savings by the people including those who had not injected in the stock market. Despite the fact that recession was unavoidable, better policies and regulations could have been applied to avoid the failure by the banks. (Canterbery, 2011) The fed in 1929 took what economists regard as unprecedented move by cutting the supply of money by almost a third. The reaction literally chokes off any possibility of recovery. A myriad of banks in the country therefore suffered the problem of liquidity. The reaction of failing to bail out banks was regarded as harsh and did not help in addressing recession in the country. The similar effect was faced by the market in 1907 when the panic of selling sent the

Racial Profiling Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Racial Profiling - Assignment Example This study also reveals the role of ethical and moral concepts in suitable decision-making hence showing the importance of making suitable judgment on individual appearances in the society. Introduction A number of modern techniques have been formulated to enhance security within society. Among these methods is racial profiling. This method utilizes various stereotypes in formulating security measures that are utilized in various law enforcing agencies in the country. This method has received acceptance among many developed societies despite raising a number of moral and ethical issues within society. In this study, focus is placed on the interaction between morals, ethics, and law within society. Question one Racial profiling is a matter of both discretion and ethics. First, racial profiling is a product of freedom among individuals. This freedom enables individuals to undertake any activity they deem right. For instance, in some European countries Chinese tenants are ejected from a partments since the proprietors fear that they may infect other individuals with the severe acute respiratory syndrome (Tator & Henry, 2006).This freedom of choice may be misused thus resulting to reintroduction of crimes such as racism in society. Secondly, racial profiling is an ethical issue since it employs various ethical concepts during its decision making stage. For instance, consequential theories in ethics suggest that an action is moral if the number of benefits it generates exceeds the number of shortcomings. Therefore, application of racial profiling techniques in averting crimes such as terrorism is moral (Zack, 2011). Question two According to Boss (2008), racial profiling has a number of ethical and moral dimensions. These dimensions are negative and positive dimensions. Outcomes from racial profiling help to determine whether its dimensions are positive or negative. These dimensions are evaluated using normative, consequential, and deontological and virtue ethics. Ac cording to normative ethics, an action is right or wrong based on the nature of the characters involved. For illustration, a bartender may refuse to sell alcohol to an individual of aboriginal origin based on their rude behavior when drunk. This explains the positive dimension of racial profiling. Muffler (2006) contends that racial profiling has a positive or negative dimension based on the resultant ratio of wrong and rights. Deontological ethics also argue that various choices made when executing racial profiling determine the dimensions of the technique. For instance, undertaking racial profiling to satisfy personal greed is forbidden in deontological ethics since it may result to increased crimes of hate within any society. Question three Harris (2003) contends that individuals in society place judgment on each other based on a number of reasons. These reasons include societal stereotypes, past experiences, personal behavior, and individual appearances. Societal concepts are a major determinant of people’s judgment within any setting. Among these concepts, societal stereotypes influence individual choices when passing judgments. For instance, in some societies individuals of color are viewed as inferior to the Europeans. This may influence the choices made during judgment hence creating a widespread view that individuals with a colored skin are inferior (Tator& Henry, 2006).Personal

Product Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Product Evaluation - Essay Example good thing about this product is its added features and benefits such as affordability above all, while ensuring quality, availability of spare parts, customer support and more added values. Starting with affordability, other brands such as those from Apple Incorporated, Sony, Acer and others are becoming expensive because of the higher rating they obtained from customers and third parties. In general this is the bottom line of highly influential marketing activity, which is an integral part of creating significant needs for certain product or service offerings – the essence of advertising or promotion (Boone and Kurtz 482). Once these needs are created, it would now become easy to take control of the price on the part of the producers or manufacturers because of their higher or strong market power (Porter 4). This is evident in the case of Apple brands and others which substantially take hold at the top of the competition even though their prices are relatively higher. The case of Dell is different because it tries to create its market share by ensuring affordability while maintaining high value for customer support and availability of spare parts, which would result further to opportunity for long-term usage (Dell Official Site). All of these based on experience could be justifiable and are substantially met by Dell as it continues to cater price-conscious customers who also want to get something more at remarkably cheaper price. Dell is a good brand of choice among customers who are substantially looking forward to cheaper price but would also want to get something more. This is the area where Dell is making out the most of its market opportunity. It continuously seek to cater market segments where the basic criteria they considered is affordability at high level of functionality and including value-added features such as quality, availability of spare parts, and reliable customer support. In other words, Dell has what it takes to have something more

Culture Walk Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Culture Walk - Assignment Example Faustian the term implies a situation where the person is very ambitious in his life and wants to achieve success in life. However, improvements in technology has made people to be in a rat race as they are always in a hurry to gain more power and position and achieve success in life as early as possible. Therefore, to meet with the growing competition and culture people sometime give up their moral integrity just to win the race of life. With concern to the cultural walk regarding the different phases of life it is observed that since the beginning of life individuals always wants to know the purpose of their existence. The realities of life that is birth, death are not known to anybody and therefore people search for the reason behind their life. People often find themselves in a situation where they may think that what will happen and where will they go after life ends. This made the people thing that whether they will return to earth if they die. As we are moving with the improve ment in technology, people from all the walks of life following different cultures are more willing to know about their future existence on this planet. People are always with the problem of identifying their purpose of life. The universe, the life on earth and mankind all are the gift of god and nature and so are to be judged equally as believed by individual. Moreover, people from different cultural background have varied views towards life and the perception of individuals has also changed due to technology. People are no more close to the nature hence affecting their walk of life. With regard to this aspect of life it can be depicted that life has become more materialistic and happiness are no more grounded with nature. Kirkpatrick Sale mainly focuses on the technology and the various challenges people are facing due to the improvements in the technology. The Rebel against future takes us back to the period of 1811 when people were feared of Luddite rebellion. The

Section I of the Capital Project Research Paper

Section I of the Capital Project - Research Paper Example With every capital purchase, an organization aims to meet a set of organizational needs. A capital purchase would not benefit an organization unless it contributes to the organization’s productivity or overall performance efficacy. This paper will discuss a software purchase a healthcare organization made for filing patient records properly. The paper will give particular focus on managerial, organizational, and economic benefits of this capital purchase. Capital purchase To define, â€Å"a capital purchase is defined as any purchase of $1000 and over† (Novak, 1996, p.335). Capital purchases are considered as long term assets of an organization. Generally, capital purchases are viewed as capital investments, capital assets, or capital acquisitions. The process of capital acquisition can benefit a healthcare organization in a number of ways. In the view of Gitman and McDaniel (2008, p.434), capital acquisitions add to an organization’s asset strength, which in tur n contributes to the firm’s value chain efficiency and service efficiency. In the case of healthcare organizations like hospitals, a capital purchase is mainly intended to improve the quality of care delivery and thereby promoting patient safety. ... The planned software purchase for filing patient records costs more than $5,000, and therefore, it is a capital purchase. This capital acquisition may assist the healthcare environment to deliver improved patient care services at affordable costs. Management goals of the purchase This capital acquisition would support many management goals including revenue growth, operational efficiency improvement, improved productivity, quality assurance, performance evaluation, reduced employee hiring and training costs. Loretz (2005) says that filing patient records manually is a difficult task because a large number of patients visit a healthcare institution every day. Hence, a healthcare institution needs to employ a large workforce to manage patient records appropriately. Evidently, an organization is forced to spend huge amounts on employee hiring and training in order to file patient records manually (p.2). This situation would probably reduce the firm’s profitability. However, compu terized patient records handling system would assist a healthcare environment to manage patient data effectively and inexpensively. A software-based patient information filing system is beneficial for the organization to minimize the level of employee hiring because such a program may be capable of handling patient data more accurately and quickly. Even though this purchase may cost huge money initially, this acquisition would benefit the organization to trim down employee hiring and training expenses in the long term. Consequently, this may aid the firm to reduce its operating expenses and thereby improve profitability. As we discussed earlier, a software-based program can more quickly and accurately manage patient information;

Gilgamesh and Odyssey Essay Example for Free

Gilgamesh and Odyssey Essay Gilgamesh is an ancient poem that significantly marked its name as somehow being the first major heroic narrative in the world literature. Fractions of this literature were discovered uniquely carved in tablets even before the Roman, Hebrew and Greek civilization appeared. Gilgamesh depicts a unique and propinquity story of Gilgamesh and his companion Enkidu that transcribed a complex and moving gist of bonds of friendship, of the pursuit for prominence and of the enduring and timeless attempt to escape death, of which considered to be the common fate of humankind. On the other hand, Odyssey, an epic story by Homer, is concerned on the idyllic events proceeded after a war and mainly on the significant return of the heroes who survived the war. The main subject of this written epic work somehow focus on the enduring, drawn-out return of one of the heroes named Odysseus of Ithaca, whose fate is to amble in unknown seas for ten years before he returned to his rocky kingdom. This paper will provide detailed and comprehensive comparison between the two main characters from both epics Gilgamesh and Odyssey. Motivation, goals, self-control, pride, outside influences, behaviors and personal and social relationships will serve as points of comparison being grasped in this paper. Motivation and Goals Gilgamesh, as described in the transcription, was provided with bizarre and astonishing strength, courage, and beauty by his divine and great creator. He is portrayed to be more of a god than a man. These characteristics of him profoundly surpass all circumstances all throughout his journey, a journey that significantly paved the greatest aspiration that probably mankind would have wanted – how to escape the universal fate of the human race. Simply, Gilgamesh wanted to run away from death and have eternal life. One of the tablets inscribed the mere dialogue between Gilgamesh and Utanapishtim (The Distant One). Utanapishtim is descriptively the wisest man who ever lived. Gilgamesh’s search for eternal life led him to ask Utanapishtim the greatest question, how to escape the universal fate of mankind? On a tablet transcribing such meeting, Gilgamesh apparently questions Utanapishtim of how did the latter join the ranks of the gods and find eternal life, though Gilgamesh described him not different; physically indifferent and yet his eart drained of battle spirit. And as response to the wondering question of Gilgamesh, Utanapishtim told him the â€Å"story of the flood†. Utanapishtim profoundly stated that he was commanded to build a boat to save everyone from the wrath of a devastating flood made by a god named Enlil, the chief god living on earth to wipe out human race. This story somehow illustrates events similar to the biblical script â€Å"Noah’s Ark†. The punishment to human race by Enlil gave Utanapishtim the opportunity to have eternal life. Gilgamesh’s greatest achievement though was bringing back to the human race this untold and unknown story. Gilgamesh, by some means, got hold of a plant that can likely grant rebirth to those who eats it, but unfortunately, a serpent stole it from him. With greater wisdom, Gilgamesh returned to Uruk knowing that only the gods are immortal. The goal of seeking immortality is what made both Gilgamesh and Odysseus, from Homer’s epic Odyssey, distinct and divergent with each other. Unlike Gilgamesh, whose goal is to seek and find answers on how to become immortal, Odysseus’s goal, on the hand, is merely the fact that he wants to find his way back home after a long and bloody war. During his voyage towards home, several temptations tested his mental qualities and physical endurance. Circe offered him the Lotus flower that endows forgetfulness of home and family. The greatest temptation however is offered by the goddess Calypso, whom he spent his seven years with – immortality. Instead of accepting such promising offer of immortality, he somehow denied such and still chooses the human conditions in spite of struggles, difficulties, disappointments and even its foreseeable death. Odysseus’s motivational force that drives his willingness to go back home is his wife, Penelope. Self-control Gilgamesh was first described as a king without self-control, rash and violent. People of Uruk, his kingdom, often complained about his absence of self-control towards oppressiveness to the Sumerian gods. Due to this aggressiveness, the gods created Enkidu as counterweight to Gilgamesh. But surprisingly, both Gilgamesh and Enkidu became best of friends; they fought together in every battles and wars, and found in each other the true companion they both sought. In an event where both took an adventure to seek universal fame and immortality pictures out the harsh and uncontrollable oppression to the gods overwhelmingly end the curtain to Enkidu. Enkidu’s death and his continuous and sole journey to seek immortality cause personal transformation. This change and transformation broaden his perception towards greater acceptance and recognition of reality and man’s mortality. On the other hand, Odysseus has extreme sense of self-control. Within the epic story, his remarkable self-control was described and admired. Again, during his adventures on the voyage home, his mental abilities and his physical endurance were tested. Instances occurred that tempted him to descend from his struggle towards home. A Lotus flower is said to suggest forgetfulness of home and family. Circe, goddess of magic, offered a pleasant life in the island of Lotus eaters. In the Phaeacia, he once offered the love and marriage of a young princess. Calypso is an immortal goddess whom Odysseus spent his life with for seven years offered the most significant and most tempting proposal, which probably all of mankind cannot resist. Calypso offered eternal life for Odysseus that will make him immortal. But all of these temptations were single-handedly denied by Odysseus as he preferred more to be mortal and be human amidst varied struggles, disappointments and the predictable end called death. Self-control might be a struggle for every man, but if every man has the drive to hold on to their will and embrace limitation, it will never be too late or too impossible to resist and deny any temptations. Pride The story of Gilgamesh started out as depiction of his arrogance of power. Because of his extraordinary capabilities endowed to him by his divine creator, his egotism of power endangered the relationship between mankind and the Summerian gods. To end Gilgamesh’s arrogance and injustices, gods then created Enkidu. His arrogance and pride concerning his power and unusual capabilities were continuously tested all throughout their journey in quest of rejuvenation of life and immortality. But then again, as mentioned earlier the previous section, after Enkidu’s death changed his perception not only towards man’s mortality but also the perception of one-self. One of the most significant limitations that Odysseus possesses is his pride which Odysseus had much. Part of the story somehow depicted Odysseus’s pride, particularly on the Cyclops’ island. When Odysseus and his men escaped safely from the island, Odysseus surprisingly brags and boasts about his exploit. Cyclops heard him and tossed huge rocks into the ship and some almost sing the ship. Effect of circumstances surrounding the character There are several external influences that bounds and affects the transformation of the once-known arrogant and violent king of Uruk. Due to the egoistic personality of Gilgamesh, it resulted to the discontentment and complaints from his people in which Summerian God interfered. The effect of these external events somehow paved a new path towards the overall impacts of Gilgamesh’s journey that led to his transformation from an arrogant king to a more unselfish and wisdom-filled individual. Another circumstance that greatly affected the character is the death of his supposed and destined enemy, Enkidu. Enkidu was a god-like mortal created by the gods intended to end Gilgamesh’s injustices and arrogance. Both somehow became friends and found a true and deep bond of friendship with each other. Death of his friend allowed him to solely seek answers for mankind’s immortality, which led him to his astonishment that there should no more battle to be fought and needs answers not surpassing violent circumstances. His continuous journey to seek answer guided him to Unatapishtim, the Divine One who could answer Gilgamesh’s wonderings, and which that this Divine One is blessed with immortality and abundance from the gods. Their conversation drew in new and significant events of the Divine One that gave him unending mortality. This occurrence surprisingly influenced and changed Gilgamesh’s perception on man’s mortality and broadens his acceptance to reality. Odysseus’s journey back home from the Trojan War somehow had endowed circumstances that might affect his own beliefs and characteristics. For example, when tempted by different immortal goddesses, most especially on the offering by Calypso to have everlasting and unending existence, he still grasps tightly to his humanity and instead chose to be human than immortal. His faith and dedication somehow proved that every obstacles and disappointments can be surpassed if he is optimistic enough to exceed and outdo every ounce of it. Behaviors In the beginning of the story, Gilgamesh’s subservient behavior is steered by his own self-contentment and self-sufficiency. Arrogant, violent, harsh, and no self-control are self-seeking behaviors and characteristics being affixed to the king, in which all these opened doors to discontentment and dissatisfaction from people. Gilgamesh’s behavior guided him to destruction. This ego-centric manner blinded Gilgamesh from reality that his conscious tried to make him see. For an instance, Gilgamesh tried to strike down on Ishtar during their second adventure to Cedar Forest with Enkidu. Ishtar cannot handle Gilgamesh’s harsh rejection and provoked to send the Bull of Heaven against the people of Uruk. Although they succeeded, it brought terrible damage to his kingdom and brought about the painful death of Enkidu. Unlike Gilgamesh, who is depicted as ego-centric individual, Odysseus has the contrast of this characteristic. Odysseus is optimistic and altruistic as he struggles not only for his own survival during the war, but also for his shipmate’s personal survival. Odysseus is described having versatility which either way compliments his physical strength and courage in battle, skills he showed during the war at Troy. These behaviors somehow resulted from his eagerness to return home to his wife and from his perseverance to preserve and finish the heroic reputation and dignity that he won in war at Troy. The same scene that illustrated Odysseus pride also depicts his care and being concerned to his fellow shipmates. After Cyclops threw boulders to the ship, Odysseus hastily gave his identity to Cyclops and the latter called Poseidon, his father, to punish Odysseus who brought harm to him. That incident hurt Odysseus more than losing his fellow men. This showed Odysseus’s heed towards his fellow shipmen. Personal and Social Relationships The Gilgamesh poem depicted not only ancient Mesopotamian myths and legends, but also endowed diverse and complex relationships and dealings between people involved in the epic story, particularly the main character, Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh’s relationship towards his people as a king is somehow in deep and shaky condition. There have been misunderstandings and lack of sense of unity between the king and its people that hindering a kingdom to flourish due to Gilgamesh’s disturbing and arrogant means of ruling Uruk. Another unstable relationship is with Gilgamesh and the Summerian gods. Gilgamesh tends to oppress the gods which led to the creation of Enkidu. Although Enkidu was created as a counterweight of Gilgamesh, unpredictably, both became friends. Relationship between the king and the supposed enemy is probably the most light and happy relationship made by Gilgamesh. They think of each other as brothers and a true companion in which their common journey indeed deepened their brotherly bond and friendship. There are also different relationship built all throughout the story between Odysseus and other characters in the epic. Again, he built a strong and deep bond and camaraderie with his fellow men. He even risked himself just to keep other from falling in the hands of Cyclops. Odysseus somehow has heart of gold for those who treasure him and appreciate him from his doings. His relationship with his wife, Penelope, also is as strong and sturdy as a diamond which no one can break even through rough and long times of being away from each other. To show his commitment and love to his wife, he even tricks his wife’s suitors and disguised himself as beggar.

Causes and Impacts of Workplace Conflict

Causes and Impacts of Workplace Conflict Workplace Conflict Executive Summary Conflict is something familiar to our daily life. It would happen in workplace, family, school and any other places. This report will focus on conflict in the workplace: Why is necessary to know how to deal with workplace conflict? How to manage and ravel out the workplace conflict? This report will discuss implication of conflict, causes result in conflict, importance of resolving workplace conflict, managing conflict, conclusion and a recommendation for workplace conflict. Introduction Conflict is a part of work. It is a disagreement resulting from individuals or groups that they have different attitudes, beliefs, values or needs. Conflict also a typical phenomenon of people’s relationship in workplace. Sometimes the individual is not aware of the need and unconsciously starts to act out. In the workplace conflict is one of the biggest problems for managers and employees to face. It is hard to find out conflict before it become a difficulty and resolve completely. Conflict does not go away if ignored. Causes result in conflict Causes of conflict are complex. Understand how conflict arises at work can be very helpful for anticipating situations that may become trouble. There are six major causes will lead to a workplace conflict, include (G Corkindale 2007): Different cultures and assumptions Differing values, opinions and beliefs Lack of sensitivity to race, gender, age, class, education and ability Poor people skills, especially communication Volatile, fast-changing workplaces Limits on resources, physical and psychological These are the most direct causes result in conflict. The real causes of conflict may be deep lying, other forms of conflict may not be so easily identified. Find out exactly conflict is the first step to resolve the conflict. Implication conflict Conflict is mutual. It includes two different types: individual and group. Sometime it is obvious, but generally it is conceal. How can the managers recognize symptoms before the conflict take place so that the damage becomes the least? Here are some symptoms of conflict. They might include (Allagi Consulting 2008): Not completing work on-time or to quality goals Gossip Not returning phone calls or e-mails Passive/aggressive behaviors Not responding to requests for information Hoarding information that should be shared Finger pointing Not attending required meetings Absenteeism The sooner the managers see the sign, the sooner they can intervene and resolve the problem. Resolve the problem as soon as possible is helpful to reduce the damage and losses. Managing conflict As say before, conflict is a normal and natural part of workplace, it influence the work can be done or not, well or bad. Dealing with workplace conflict can be rewarding. Conflicts that arise because of personality clashes can be exacerbated by organizational structures and personalities. But addressing conflict in the workplace and resolving these issues can result in creative ideas, improvements, enhanced work relationships, and a healthier work environment. After recognize the reason of conflict, there are five steps to managing conflict. These steps are: Determine the cause. Collect data enough data. Ask for information and be sure to involve the individual in discussions. Do not become defensive or personalize issues. Collaborate on solutions. Use a â€Å"yes†¦ and† response to build on potential solutions. Avoid using a â€Å"yes†¦ but† response, which wants to change focus back onto the problem and away from solutions. If possible, always engage key stakeholders in developing solutions. This will help more easily to make the decision how to solve the conflict. Provide alternative options. People more likely to feel empowered when they are a part of a decision making process. This always helps to abate the conflict, make people more satisfaction. Communicate key decisions. Choose the most appropriate way to communicate with others. This might include meeting one by one with those involved, Be sure to involve who will support to solve the conflict. Implement solutions. When challenged be calm, re-focus on the main problem, depend on the situation, discuss the argument and tell the truth. Don’t get angry or rude, this will only make position weaken and hard to solve the problem. (Red Ladder 2006) There are many important skills involve in these five steps. Importantly, just follow the theory is not enough, a good method for resolve work conflict must be ‘adjust measures to local conditions’. Conclusion Workplace conflict exists between individuals and groups, it may lead to a series of negative influence to the organization. When people work together, cultural differences, gender differences, style differences, all kinds of differences occur. Resolve and avoid the conflict in workplace may increase effectiveness for work. Effectively managed work conflict has many positive results for the organization even our life. Create a harmonious workplace is a win-win situation. Now a day’s workplace makes conflict management more important, also, more difficult. After all, interpersonal skill is necessary, to communicate is one of the best ways to solution a conflict. Recommendations When a conflict take place, it is not just a sign for ‘bad’, sometimes, it means innovation and a more harmonious workplace has found. When be in a conflict in workplace, do not ‘hide head in sand’, try to face it and resolve it. Improve communication skill, develop emotional intelligence, respects others, these are all helpful to avoid conflict. References Gill Corkindale, 2007, ‘How to Manage Conflict’, viewed 22May 2008, Allagi Consulting, 2008, ‘How can you recognize conflict in your team’, viewed 23 May 2008, Conservation Technology Information Center (CTIC), ‘Managing Conflict’, viewed 23 May 2008, Red Ladder, 2006, ‘Five steps for handling work conflict’, viewed 23 May 2008,

The Genuine Nick Carraway of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays

The Genuine Nick of The Great Gatsby Nick Carraway is a very genuine character throughout the novel. He gets involved with situations such as Daisy and Gatsby, he helps them rekindle their love and he also becomes a true friend with Jay Gatsby. Throughout the novel Nick Carraway starts off not having to many friends, until he starts getting involved other people. It all starts when Jay Gatsby, Nick's neighbour, invites Nick to his party. Nick decides that it would be a great idea so he attends. While attending the party Nick gets acquainted with many of the guests. Then Gatsby sends for him to come and meet him. At first Nick has no idea where he is headed, then he see's Gatsby and they talk for a few minutes. By meeting Gatsby Nick has changed for the better. His idea's and actions all start to change. He becomes very genuine. Sometime after the party, Nick says "I believe that on the first night I went to Gatsby's house I was one of the few guests who had actually been invited." (Gatsby, p.41) He said this because most of the people at Gatsby's parties just invited themselves. This is the time when Nick's character is showing some development of genuineness. Another time that Nick shows his development into a more genuine person is when he helps rekindle the love between Jay Gatsby and Daisy. He does this by setting up a surprise meeting at his house. Gatsby knew of this because he had asked him to do it. At this time in the novel is when Nick says "I'm going to call Daisy tomorrow and invite her over here to tea." (Gatsby, p.82) This shows that Nick is genuine because he is trying to rekindle the love between Gatsby and Daisy. After this period in the novel Gatsby and Nick became even closer friends. Getting closer to the end of the novel is when the reader see's the true friendship between Jay Gatsby and Nick Carraway. Whenever Gatsby would ask Nick to do something Nick would always have or make the time to do it. The strongest example of the genuineness of Nick is when Jay Gatsby was murdered by Mr.

Democracy Essay example -- essays research papers

Democracy may be a word familiar to most, but still I would like to mention the fact that demos means pertaining to people and kratios means to rule. Thus this word original coined by the Greeks means rule of people as a whole and not by an individual or a privileged soul. It is a concept still misunderstood and misused in some parts of the world where totalitarian regimes and dictatorships have witnessed popular support by usurping democratic labels like in Iraq and Pakistan. By the dictionary definition, democracy is government by the people in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system. In a famous phrase of Abraham Lincoln, democracy is a government of the people, by the people, and for the people.Freedom and democracy are often used in place of each other, but the two are not the same. True, democracy is a set of ideas and principles about freedom, but it also consists of a set of pract ices and procedures that have been founded through a long history. In short, democracy is the institutionalization of freedom. For this reason, any society must possess time-tested fundamentals of constitutional government, human rights, and equality before the law to be properly called democratic. Democracies can be typified into two fundamental categories, direct and representative. In a direct democracy, all individuals, without the elected or appointed officials, can participate in making public decisions. This system however seems to be impractical possible only with relatively small numbers of people, say for example in a community organization, village of a developing country, tribal council, or the local unit of a labor union, where members can meet in a single room to discuss issues and arrive at decisions by consensus or majority vote. In rural India the head of such committees are called pancha and the place where issues for a small population of the concerned area are discussed is called panchayat.These meetings are held mostly under a village tree with the maximum number of people who can physically gather in one place and practice direct democracy.Modern society, with its enormous size, complexities and ramifications offers few avenues for direct democracy. Today, the most common form of democracy, whether for a town of 50,000 or nations of 50 million, is represe... ...titutional provisions to intervene in the administration of the States. The response of the Central Union Government to the growing economic and political crisis in India has been in terms of greater centralization strategies and interventions.Another equally important limitation of the Indian parliamentary democracy has been that below the state level it was not mandatory to have elected bodies at district, sub district or local level till 1994. In other words it was a system of parliamentary democracy at the central and state levels and bureaucratic governance at the lower levels. Grass root level democracy visualized in terms of selfreliant and selfgoverning villages was an important nationalist ideal. When the new constitution was framed, elected local bodies at the local levels were not made part of the mandatory structure of government, but enshrined in the Directive Principles of the constitution. By and large the Indian democracy is still in a phase of evolution and chang e. It seems that the concept of democracy is interpreted in a subjective manner and changes in nations from time to time according to the whims and fancies of the contemporary affluent and powerful people.

character analysis essayof Slaughterhouse Five -- essays research pape

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Character Analysis Essay   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Slaughterhouse Five by Kurt Vonnegut   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Slaughterhouse Five, by Kurt Vonnegut, is a novel that makes no sense in itself; yet, when put into context individually with today’s events, or life’s events in general, makes more sense then if it were clearly spelled out within the pages. By using the character of Billy Pilgram, Vonnegut conveys his points with Billy’s reactions and common characteristics. Billy Pilgram could not be any more a human then if he was actually walking amongst us. With basic characteristics of simplicity, confusion and general common sense, any one can relate to what Billy is and was going through. By successfully portraying this personality of Billy’s, Vonnegut creates a complex yet oddly simple character for audiences to follow.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For Billy, it truly is a gift to be simple, especially with every thing he must endure. Simplicity is a common trait that most characters in novels lack. Authors are many times trying to create such a complex character that the audience may become lost or even bored with the character. By making Billy so simple, he can create complex events that surround him. With this, Billy shows his general reactions. Without Billy delving deeply into the events, it in fact leaves room for the audience to have their own interpretation of wh...